Towards a New Research Era. A Global Comparison of Research Distortions

0572251 - FLÚ 2024 RIV NL eng M - Část monografie knihy
Loudín, Jiří
Values and Evaluation. Co-evolution of Science and Society.
Towards a New Research Era. A Global Comparison of Research Distortions. Leiden: Brill, 2023 - (Hrubec, M.; Višňovský, E.), s. 45-58. ISBN 978-90-04-54493-2
Grant ostatní: AV ČR(CZ) StrategieAV21/15
Program: StrategieAV
Institucionální podpora: RVO:67985955
Klíčová slova: science policy * research evaluation * interface science-society
Obor OECD: Philosophy, History and Philosophy of science and technology
https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004546035_005

The chapter delivers an analysis of mutual relationships of science and society – how progress of scientific knowledge coincides and harmonizes with social values, goals and interests and how it is reflected in science policy incl. research evaluation. The evolution of science policy in second half of 20th century reflects changes of social climate and value orientation of society: post-war large autonomy of science was replaced (in the 1960s-1970s) by governmental efforts to guide science towards social goals. In the 1980s, science policy was in fact – under the pressure of growing globalization – transformed into innovation policy (periodization by Jamison and Elzinga). Economic accents are apparent also in NPM (New Public Management) that arises gradually on relevance in the 1990s. It comprises the key principles of neoliberal policy with its stress on effectivity, competition, accountability that should be applied in management and evaluation of research. In reality, NPM is being employed quite differently and selectively in national science policies. Concepts such as knowledge society or scientification of society depict increasing societal role of science while, paradoxically, trust in science is rather decreasing in some Western countries. Dynamic times contest habitual practices, however, science often cannot readily deliver easily comprehensible and feasible solutions. Integral parts of scientific efforts are also scepticism, critical reflections, failures. Recent multiple (financial, climate, pandemic) crises pose grand challenges for science: to develop strategy how to cope with uncertainties and crises and strengthen resilience towards hazards and disasters.
Trvalý link: https://hdl.handle.net/11104/0343120