Počet záznamů: 1
Ecosystems emerging. 5: Constraints
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SYSNO ASEP 0434938 Druh ASEP J - Článek v odborném periodiku Zařazení RIV J - Článek v odborném periodiku Poddruh J Článek ve WOS Název Ecosystems emerging. 5: Constraints Tvůrce(i) Patten, B. C. (US)
Straškraba, Milan (BC-A)
Jorgensen, S. E. (DK)Celkový počet autorů 3 Zdroj.dok. Ecological Modelling. - : Elsevier - ISSN 0304-3800
Roč. 222, č. 16 (2011), s. 2945-2972Poč.str. 28 s. Jazyk dok. eng - angličtina Země vyd. NL - Nizozemsko Klíč. slova constraint ; epistemic ; ontic Vědní obor RIV EH - Ekologie - společenstva CEZ AV0Z50070508 - ENTU-I, BC-A (2005-2011) UT WOS 000294983700012 EID SCOPUS 80051474421 DOI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2011.04.019 Anotace Solutions proliferate further constraints in an unending spiral of problem (constraint) generation and solution. As constraints proliferate, behavior narrows, and species diversify to compensate (paradox of constraint). Resource enrichment reduces constraints, releases behavior, and reduction of challenges decreases diversity (paradox of enrichment) high diversity is expressed in low-resource environments and low diversity in high-resource environments. A three-part model of constraints is formulated for non-living systems, and also for goal-directed, problem-solving biota. Mode 1: dynamical means behavior is co-determined by internal states and external inputs. Mode 2: cybernetic employs negative feedback to keep dynamics within goal-oriented operating limits. Mode 3: model-making entails ability to represent (model) physical reality and respond to both phenomenal (modeled) and physical inputs; this property distinguishes living from nonliving systems. Principal sections of the paper elaborate dynamical constraints (three classes), boundary constraints (expressed in edge effects and trophic dynamics), physical constraints (space, time, temperature), chemical constraints (environment fitness, ecological stoichiometry, chemical evolution, limiting factors), coding constraints (environmental vs. genetic coding), network and pathway constraints (connectivity), and natural selection constraints (fitting to the biosphere). Consideration of how the world would look without constraints suggests how fundamental these are in ecosystem emergence, and how the next property in this series, differentiation, would be unmotivated without them. We conclude that constraints as a category are under-studied in ecology, poorly understood in ecological phenomenology, and (our hypothesis) comprise a ubiquitous organizing force in nature. Pracoviště Biologické centrum (od r. 2006) Kontakt Dana Hypšová, eje@eje.cz, Tel.: 387 775 214 Rok sběru 2015 Elektronická adresa http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304380011002274
Počet záznamů: 1