Differential expression of immunity-related genes in larval iManduca sexta/i tissues in response to gut and systemic infection

0578586 - MBÚ 2024 RIV CH eng J - Článek v odborném periodiku
von Bredow, Y. M. - Procházková, Petra - Dvořák, Jiří - Škanta, František - Trenczek, T. E. - Bilej, Martin - von Bredow, C.
Differential expression of immunity-related genes in larval iManduca sexta/i tissues in response to gut and systemic infection.
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology. Roč. 13, October 11 (2023), č. článku 1258142. ISSN 2235-2988. E-ISSN 2235-2988
Institucionální podpora: RVO:61388971
Klíčová slova: tobacco hornworm * bacillus-thuringiensis * insect immunity * monoclonal-antibodies * recognition proteins * mucosal immunity * oral infection * hemocyte types * drosophila * bacteria * insect immunity * insect midgut * gut immunity * Bacillus thuringiensis * lysozyme * hematopoietic organ * comparative immune response
Obor OECD: Microbiology
Impakt faktor: 5.7, rok: 2022
Způsob publikování: Open access
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2023.1258142/full

Introduction The midgut epithelium functions as tissue for nutrient uptake as well as physical barrier against pathogens. Additionally, it responds to pathogen contact by production and release of various factors including antimicrobial peptides, similar to the systemic innate immune response. However, if such a response is restricted to a local stimulus or if it appears in response to a systemic infection, too is a rather underexplored topic in insect immunity. We addressed the role of the midgut and the role of systemic immune tissues in the defense against gut-borne and systemic infections, respectively.Methods Manduca sexta larvae were challenged with DAP-type peptidoglycan bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis for local gut infection and Escherichia coli for systemic stimulation. We compared the immune response to both infection models by measuring mRNA levels of four selected immunity-related genes in midgut, fat body, hematopoietic organs (HOs), and hemocytes, and determined hemolymph antimicrobial activity. Hemocytes and HOs were tested for presence and distribution of lysozyme mRNA and protein.Results The midgut and circulating hemocytes exhibited a significantly increased level of lysozyme mRNA in response to gut infection but did not significantly alter expression in response to a systemic infection. Conversely, fat body and HOs responded to both infection models by altered mRNA levels of at least one gene monitored. Most, but not all hemocytes and HO cells contain lysozyme mRNA and protein.Discussion These data suggest that the gut recruits immune-related tissues in response to gut infection whereas systemic infections do not induce a response in the midgut. The experimental approach implies a skewed cross-talk: An intestinal infection triggers immune activity in systemic immune organs, while a systemic infection does not elicit any or only a restricted immune response in the midgut. The HOs, which form and release hemocytes in larval M. sexta, i) synthesize lysozyme, and ii) respond to immune challenges by increased immune gene expression. These findings strongly suggest that they not only provide phagocytes for the cellular immune response but also synthesize humoral immune components.
Trvalý link: https://hdl.handle.net/11104/0347552