Kako je Josef Škvorecký tražio i kako nije pronašao put do socijalizma

0538571 - ÚČL 2021 RIV HR hrv J - Článek v odborném periodiku
Přibáň, Michal
Kako je Josef Škvorecký tražio i kako nije pronašao put do socijalizma.
[How Josef Škvorecký Sought and Could Not Find a Path to Socialism.]
Književna smotra. Roč. 52, 198/4 (2020), s. 47-59. ISSN 0455-0463. E-ISSN 2459-6329
Institucionální podpora: RVO:68378068
Klíčová slova: Czech literature * socialism * Josef Škvorecký * artistic license * the youth movement after 1945
Obor OECD: Specific languages
Způsob publikování: Open access
https://hrcak.srce.hr/index.php?show=clanak&id_clanak_jezik=363060

Članak se fokusira na književnika Josefa Škvoreckýja i prati razvoj njegovih građanskih i političkih stavova nakon poraza njemačkog nacizma, tj. Otprilike od 1941. do 45. godine. U kontekstu Škvoreckovih književnih spisa tiče se razdoblja u kojem kulminira neizbježna faza autorovog mladenačkog pjesničkog stvaralaštva i njegovih ranih proznih djela, dok je istovremeno u nastajanju njegov najvažniji roman Kukavice. (Ipak, Škvorecký u navedenom razdoblju nije objavio, cjelokupno njegovo djelo ostalo je u rukopisima i mogli su ga čitati samo njegovi najbliži prijatelji.) Nakon 1945. Škvoreckýjeva prirodna kršćansko-socijalna orijentacija sučeljava se s idejama državnog socijalizma, potkrepljena političkim prestižem Sovjetskog Saveza i Češke komunističke partije, ali i socijalne degradacije konzervativnih vrijednosti i statusa buržoazije. Dokaze da je Škvorecký tražio osobni put prema autentičnom “svjetonazoru”, neovisnom o očito prevladavajućim društvenim trendovima, pruža uglavnom Škvoreckýev rukopis objavljen tek 1990-ih (The New Canterbury Tales), a često su objavljivani samo fragmentarno (epska pjesma Ne očajavaj !, zbirka Veljačke priče) ili nikada nisu objavljene (fragmenti romana Sinovi pravedni, pjesma Stvari života), od kojih su neki ovdje predstavljeni prvi put ikad. Značajan izvor članaka podrazumijeva i objavljenu i neobjavljenu korespondenciju Škvoreckýja iz četrdesetih i pedesetih godina prošlog stoljeća. Iako se Škvorecký smatrao izričitim političkim protivnikom većini svojih vršnjaka iz Unije mladih, navedeni izvori pokazuju da je u teškim vremenima zadržao vjeru u ideju socijalističkog humanizma, ali ne bi se priklonio tome da je ona vulgarizira komunistička ideologija i njegovo sredstvo prisile.

The article focuses on the writer Josef Škvorecký and follows the development of his civic and political attitudes after the defeat of German Nazism, i.e., approximately from 1941-45. In the context of Škvorecký’s literary writings, it concerns a period in which culminates the inevitable phase of the author’s youthful poetic creativity and his early prose writings, while simultaneously his most important novel, The Cowards, is in the making. (Still, Škvorecký in the said period didn’t publish, his entire work remained in manuscripts and could be read only by his closest friends.) After 1945 Škvorecký’s natural Christian-social orientation confronted ideas of state socialism, buttressed by the political prestige of the Soviet Union and the Czech Communist Party, but also the social degradation of conservative values and the status of the bourgeoisie. The evidence that Škvorecký sought a personal path towards an authentic “worldview”, independent of the obviously prevailing social trends, is provided principally by Škvorecký’s manuscript published only in the 1990s (The New Canterbury Tales), and were often published only fragmentary (the epic poem Do Not Despair!, the collection February Tales) or were never published (fragments of the novel The Sons of the Just, the poem Things of Life), some of which are here presented the first time ever. The significant source in the articles subsumes also Škvorecký’s published and unpublished correspondence from the 1940s and the 1950s. Although Škvorecký was considered an explicit political opponent to the most of his peers from the Youth Union, the cited sources demonstrate that in difficult times he kept his faith in the idea of socialist humanism, but would not bow to its being vulgarized by communist ideology and its means of coercion.
Trvalý link: http://hdl.handle.net/11104/0316360