Live fast, diversify non-adaptively: evolutionary diversification of exceptionally short-lived annual killifishes

0499586 - ÚBO 2020 RIV GB eng J - Článek v odborném periodiku
Lambert, J. W. - Reichard, Martin - Pincheira-Donoso, D.
Live fast, diversify non-adaptively: evolutionary diversification of exceptionally short-lived annual killifishes.
BMC Evolutionary Biology. Roč. 19, January (2019), č. článku 10. ISSN 1471-2148. E-ISSN 1471-2148
Grant CEP: GA ČR(CZ) GA16-00291S
Institucionální podpora: RVO:68081766
Klíčová slova: Macroevolution * Diversification * Non-adaptive radiation * Spatial opportunity * Speciation * Nothobranchius
Obor OECD: Biology (theoretical, mathematical, thermal, cryobiology, biological rhythm), Evolutionary biology
Impakt faktor: 3.058, rok: 2019
Způsob publikování: Open access
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12862-019-1344-0

Background
Adaptive radiations are triggered by ecological opportunity – the access to novel niche domains with abundant available resources that facilitate the formation of new ecologically divergent species. Therefore, as new species saturate niche space, clades experience a diversity-dependent slowdown of diversification over time. At the other extreme of the radiation continuum, non-adaptively radiating lineages undergo diversification with minimal niche differentiation when ‘spatial opportunity’ (i.e. areas with suitable ‘ancestral’ ecological conditions) is available. Traditionally, most research has focused on adaptive radiations, while empirical studies on non-adaptive radiations remain lagging behind. A prolific clade of African fish with extremely short lifespan (Nothobranchius killifish), show the key evolutionary features of a candidate non-adaptive radiation – primarily allopatric species with minimal niche and phenotypic divergence. Here, we test the hypothesis that Nothobranchius killifish have non-adaptively diversified. We employ phylogenetic modelling to investigate the tempo and mode of macroevolutionary diversification of these organisms.
Results
Nothobranchius diversification has proceeded with minor niche differentiation and minimal morphological disparity among allopatric species. Additionally, we failed to identify evidence for a role of body size or biogeography in influencing diversification rates. Diversification has been homogeneous within this genus, with the only hotspot of species-richness not resulting from rapid diversification. However, species in sympatry show higher disparity, which may have been caused by character displacement among coexisting species.
Conclusions
Nothobranchius killifish have proliferated following the tempo and mode of a non-adaptive radiation. Our study confirms that this exceptionally short-lived group have diversified with minimal divergent niche adaptation, while one group of coexisting species seems to have facilitated spatial overlap among these taxa via the evolution of ecological character displacement.
Trvalý link: http://hdl.handle.net/11104/0291800