Sulphate leaching from diffuse agricultural and forest sources in a large central European catchment during 1900-2010

0424219 - BC 2014 RIV NL eng J - Článek v odborném periodiku
Kopáček, Jiří - Hejzlar, Josef - Porcal, Petr - Posch, M.
Sulphate leaching from diffuse agricultural and forest sources in a large central European catchment during 1900-2010.
Science of the Total Environment. 470, February (2014), s. 543-550. ISSN 0048-9697. E-ISSN 1879-1026
Grant CEP: GA ČR(CZ) GAP504/12/1218; GA ČR(CZ) GA526/09/0567
Institucionální podpora: RVO:60077344
Klíčová slova: modelling * sulphate leaching * sulphur mineralization * diffuse sources
Kód oboru RIV: DJ - Znečištění a kontrola vody
Impakt faktor: 4.099, rok: 2014

Using dynamic, mass budget, and empirical models, we quantified sulphate-sulphur (S) leaching from soils in a large central European catchment (upper Vltava River, Czech Republic) over a 110-year period (1900–2010). S inputs to soils with synthetic fertilizers and atmospheric deposition increased in the 1950s–1980s, then rapidly decreased (80%), and remained low since the middle 1990s. The proportion of drained agricultural land rapidly increased from 4–43% between the 1950s and 1990s; then the draining ability of the system slowly decreased due to its aging. Sulphate concentrations in the Vltava exhibited similar trends as the external S inputs, suggesting that they could be explained by changes in atmospheric and fertiliser S inputs. The available data and modelling, however, showed that (i) internal S sources (mineralization of soil organic S in the drained agricultural land), (ii) a hysteresis in S leaching from forest soils (a net S retention at the high S inputs and then a net release at the lowered inputs), and (iii) hydrology must be taken into account. An empirical model was then employed, based on parameters representing hydrology (discharge), external S sources (inputs by synthetic fertilizers and atmospheric deposition), and internal S sources (mineralization related to soil drainage). The model explained 84% of the observed variability in annual S concentrations in the Vltava river during 1900–2010 and showed that forest soils were a net sink (105 kg/ha) while agricultural land was a net source (55 kg/ha) of S during 1960–2010. In the late 1980s, forest soils changed from a sink to a source of S, and the present release of S accumulated in forest soils thus delays recovery of surface waters from acidification, while S losses from agricultural soils increase the risk of future S deficiency in S-demanding crops.
Trvalý link: http://hdl.handle.net/11104/0230614