The European Nitrogen Assessment: Sources, Effects and Policy Perspectives

0371844 - BC 2012 RIV GB eng M - Část monografie knihy
Durand, P. - Breuer, L. - Johnes, P.J. - Billen, G. - Butturini, A. - Pinay, G. - van Grinsven, H. - Garnier, J. - Rivett, M. - Reay, D.S. - Curtis, C. - Siemens, J. - Maberlyh, S. - Kaste, O. - Humborg, C. - Loeb, R. - de Klein, J. - Hejzlar, Josef - Skoulikidis, N. - Kortelainen, P. - Lepistö, A. - Wright, R.
Nitrogen processes in aquatic ecosystems.
The European Nitrogen Assessment: Sources, Effects and Policy Perspectives. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011 - (Sutton, M.; Howard, C.; Erisman, J.; Billen, G.), s. 126-146. ISBN 978-1-107-00612-6
Výzkumný záměr: CEZ:AV0Z60170517
Klíčová slova: nitrogen cycling * retention * limitation in lakes
Kód oboru RIV: DJ - Znečištění a kontrola vody

Freshwater ecosystems play a key role in the European nitrogen (N) cycle, both as a reactive agent that transfers, stores and processes N loadings from the atmosphere and terrestrial ecosystems, and as a natural environment severely impacted by the increase of these loadings. This chapter is a review of major processes and factors controlling N transport and transformations for running waters, standing waters and riparian wetlands. The major factor controlling N processes in freshwater ecosystems is the residence time of water, which varies widely both in space and in time, and which is sensitive to changes in climate, land use and management. The effects of increased N loading to European freshwaters include acifidication in semi-natural environments, and eutrophication in more disturbed ecosystems, with associated loss of biodiversity in both cases. An important part of the N transferred by surface waters is in the form of organic N, as dissolved organic N a particulate organic N. This part is dominant in semi-natural catchments throughout Europe and remain a significant component of the total N load even in nitrate enriched rivers. In eutrophicated standing freshwaters N can be a factor limiting or co-limiting biological production, and control of both N and phosphorus loading is often needed in impacted areas, if ecological quality is to be restored. The spatial and temporal variations of the N forms, the processes controlling the transport, and transformations of N within freshwaters require further investigation if the role in influencing freshwater ecosystem health is to be understood, underpinning the implementation of the EU Water Framework Directive for European freshwaters.
Trvalý link: http://hdl.handle.net/11104/0205266