Breeding resource specialization and speciation in fishes

0337024 - ÚBO 2010 DE eng A - Abstrakt
Reichard, Martin - Kitamura, J. - Smith, C.
Breeding resource specialization and speciation in fishes.
International Conference on Evolutionary Ecology of Fishes Diversification, Adaptation and Speciation. Berlin: Leibnitz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, 2009. s. 69.
[International Conference on Evolutionary Ecology of Fishes Diversification, Adaptation and Speciation. 23.11.2009-25.11.2009, Berlin]
Grant CEP: GA AV ČR KJB600930802
Výzkumný záměr: CEZ:AV0Z60930519
Klíčová slova: fish reproduction
Kód oboru RIV: EH - Ekologie - společenstva

Many fish species are dependent on resources crucial to their reproduction, and such resources can often comprise other biological species. Notable examples are fish living in symbiosis with other species of fish or invertebrates. These relationships may range from mutualism to parasitism and are typically associated with fish oviposition. Coevolution (reciprocal evolution between symbionts that results in a rapid evolution of traits involved in the symbiosis) between the partners may give rise to evolution of host-specific races and ultimately lead to speciation of host-specific lineages. On the other hand, specialization is not an inevitable outcome of these relationships, because specialization may carry costs associated with locating an appropriate specific partner. Hence, it may sometimes be more adaptive to remain generalist and opportunistically exploit several symbiont species. Here, we explore the possibility that coevolution between fish and their symbionts may lead to speciation. We first review the examples known from coral reefs (e.g. anemone fishes, shrimp-goby relationships), brood parasites (Synodontis, Pungtungia) and fish that spawn on living invertebrate hosts (Aulichthys, Careproctus, Sarcocheilichthys), and investigate the potential of these lineages to diverge due to their specialization. In the second part, we review our current knowledge on host specificity and its potential for speciation in the bitterling fishes, a cyprinid subfamily with at least 40 species that all use living freshwater mussels for oviposition. There are some examples of host specialization in fishes (e.g. gobies Gobiodon, bitterling Acheilognathus tabira species-complex) and we critically evaluate their proposed origin in sympatry (gobies) and allopatry (bitterling). We also discuss constrains to host specialization, using the case of European bitterling (Rhodeus amarus). We conclude that, unlike in many other taxa, interspecific oviposition associations, including parasitic and mutualistic relationships, may not be be a significant source of divergence in fishes.
Trvalý link: http://hdl.handle.net/11104/0181116