Compositional similarity among urban floras within and across continents: biogeographical consequences of human mediated biotic interchange

0090468 - BÚ 2008 RIV GB eng J - Článek v odborném periodiku
La Sorte, F. A. - McKinney, M. L. - Pyšek, Petr
Compositional similarity among urban floras within and across continents: biogeographical consequences of human mediated biotic interchange.
[Podobnost městkých flór v rámci kontinentů a mezi nimi: biogeografické důsledky zavlékání druhů člověkem.]
Global Change Biology. Roč. 13, č. 4 (2007), s. 913-921. ISSN 1354-1013. E-ISSN 1365-2486
Grant ostatní: DAISIE(XE) SSPI-CT-2003-511202
Výzkumný záměr: CEZ:AV0Z60050516
Zdroj financování: R - rámcový projekt EK
Klíčová slova: urban floras * homogenization * Europe and USA
Kód oboru RIV: EF - Botanika
Impakt faktor: 4.786, rok: 2007

Anthropogenic activities have weakened biogeographical barriers to dispersal resulting in the global spread and establishment of an increasing number of non-native species. We examine the broad-scale consequences of this phenomenon based on an analysis of compositional similarity across urban floras in the northeastern United States and Europe. We test the prediction that homogenization of species composition is uniquely defined within vs. between continents based on the time and place of origin of nonnative species. In this case, for archaeophytes and neophytes in Europe (introduced before and after AD 1500, respectively) and non-native species originating from within and outside the United States. More species in urban floras were shared within than between continents. Within Europe, archaeophytes shared more species across urban floras compared with neophytes; strong associations were not observed for non-native species across US urban floras. Between the two continents, non-native species in the United States that originated from outside the United States shared species primarily with archaeophytes but also with European natives and neophytes. These results suggest that the direction of biotic interchange was unidirectional with species moving primarily from Europe to the United States with archaeophytes playing a primary and non-native species originating from outside the two continents a secondary role as a homogenizing source. Archaeophytes, based on combination of biogeographical, evolutionary, and ecological factors in association with a long history of anthropogenic influence, appear to have played a prominent role in the continental and intercontinental homogenization of species composition. This suggests that the uniform homogenization of the Earth’s biota is not imminent and is presently directed by a combination of biogeographically defined anthropogenic and historical factors.

Zavlékání rostlinnných druhů člověkem vede k homogenizaci flór v globálním měřítku, což je dokumentováno srovnáním podobnosti městských flór v Evropě a USA. Na této homogenizaci se podílejí zejména archeofyty, u nichž se historie zavlékání počítá v řádu tisíciletí.
Trvalý link: http://hdl.handle.net/11104/0151350