Search results

0585697 - ÚH 2025 CZ eng C - Conference Paper (international conference)
Gebouský, Ondřej - Haidl, Jan - Bodnár, J. - Pivokonský, Martin
Improvement of an unbaffled stirred tank mixing characteristics using variable speed impeller.
Topical Problems of Fluid Mechanics. Prague: Institute of Thermomechanics AS CR, v. v. i., 2024 - (Šimurda, D.; Bodnár, T.), s. 54-60. ISBN 978-80-87012-88-8. ISSN 2336-5781.
[Topical Problems of Fluid Mechanics 2024. Prague (CZ), 21.02.2024-23.02.2024]
Grant - others:AV ČR(CZ) StrategieAV21/20; AV ČR(CZ) AP2201
Program: StrategieAV; Akademická prémie - Praemium Academiae
Institutional support: RVO:67985874
Keywords : unbaffled mixing tanks * variable rotational speed * vortex destabilization * mixing time improvement
OECD category: Chemical engineering (plants, products)
http://www2.it.cas.cz/fm/im/im/proceeding/2024/8

Unbaffled mixing tanks with magnetically driven impellers are increasingly used in biotechnological and pharmaceutical industries, combining the benefits of a closed, sterile environment with easy equipment cleanability. On the other hand, missing internals, such as baffles or cooling coils, have an adverse effect on the equipment mixing characteristics, namely the batch
homogenization time. In our previous research, we uncovered that the eccentricity and inclination of the impeller – both employed routinely to enhance the mixing characteristics of unbaffled vessels – are not fully effective in the suppression of central vortex formation resulting in the increase in the homogenization time. In this work, we propose a simple solution to counteract the central vortex formation – a periodical variation of impeller rotational speed. This approach destabilizes the central vortex, significantly reducing homogenization time while maintaining the benefits of the original unbaffled setup. This innovation can seamlessly integrate into existing industrial setups, promising efficiency gains for biotech and pharmaceutical production.
Permanent Link: https://hdl.handle.net/11104/0353398

 

0578227 - ÚH 2024 RIV NL eng J - Journal Article
Kutil, Zsofia - Novotná, Kateřina - Čermáková, Lenka - Pivokonský, Martin
Tunnel vision in the drinking water research field – Time for non-targeted analysis implementation?
Science of the Total Environment. Roč. 908, January 15 (2024), č. článku 168367. ISSN 0048-9697. E-ISSN 1879-1026
Grant - others:AV ČR(CZ) StrategieAV21/20; AV ČR(CZ) AP2201
Program: StrategieAV; Akademická prémie - Praemium Academiae
Institutional support: RVO:67985874
Keywords : drinking water contaminants * high-resolution mass spectrometry * regulated compounds * water quality
OECD category: Environmental sciences (social aspects to be 5.7)
Impact factor: 9.8, year: 2022
Method of publishing: Limited access
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969723069954

A plethora of compounds can reach our drinking water and possibly affect human health. Still, mostly notorious pollutants like pesticides and disinfection by-products are monitored and regulated. With the increasing availability of high-resolution mass spectrometers (HRMS), non-targeted analyses of environmental samples have become possible. Pilot studies demonstrating the applicability of this approach in the drinking water research field were published. We would like to highlight these studies and appeal to researchers focused on water quality to better exploit the potential of HRMS instruments and broaden the scale of studied pollutants. In addition, the data and experience should be further shared, and the quality standard for the analytical procedures should be set. With advanced knowledge of compounds reaching the drinking water, potential threats would be revealed, and the comprehensive results on water pollution might also act as impulses for associated research branches, including toxicity assessment or development of water treatment technologies, and/or for policy-making.
Permanent Link: https://hdl.handle.net/11104/0347253

 

0580790 - ÚH 2024 RIV NL eng J - Journal Article
Novák, M. - Holmden, Ch. - Andronikov, A. V. - Kochergina, Y. V. - Kirchner, J., W. - Pačes, T. - Kachlík, V. - Veselovský, F. - Hruška, J. - Laufek, F. - Koubová, M. - Štěpánová, M. - Přechová, E. - Šebek, O. - Čuřík, J. - Tesař, Miroslav - Fottová, D. - Andronikova, I. E. - Komárek, A.
Mg, Ca and Sr isotope dynamics in a small forested catchment underlain by paragneiss: The role of geogenic, atmospheric, and biogenic sources of base cations.
Geoderma. Roč. 442, February (2024), č. článku 116768. ISSN 0016-7061. E-ISSN 1872-6259
Institutional support: RVO:67985874
Keywords : headwater catchment * base cations * essential nutrients * isotope tracers * rock-forming minerals * runoff generation
OECD category: Hydrology
Impact factor: 6.1, year: 2022
Method of publishing: Open access
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016706123004457

Knowledge of the origin of magnesium (Mg) and calcium (Ca) in soil solutions and catchment runoff helps to predict forest ecosystems’ vulnerability to deficiencies in essential nutrients in an era of climate change, environmental pollution and bark-beetle calamities. Here we discuss isotope aspects of Mg, Ca and strontium (Sr) cycling in a spruce-forested headwater catchment in a relatively unpolluted part of Central Europe. We investigated to what extent Mg and Ca isotope signatures of runoff reflect the isotope compositions of specific Mg- and Ca-rich minerals that easily dissolve during the weathering of paragneiss, and compared the isotope variability of Mg and Ca in fresh bedrock minerals, soils and other ecosystem reservoirs. We also compared conclusions from Mg and Ca isotope systematics with inferences from catchment input–output mass budgets. Long-term input–output monitoring in the studied catchment situated near the Czech–German border (Central Europe) revealed 3.5–7 times higher outputs of Mg, Ca, and Sr via surface runoff relative to their present-day atmospheric inputs. It follows that hydrological exports of recent atmospheric Mg, Ca and Sr are minor. Release of geogenic base cations into the runoff results from the interplay between mineral abundances, concentrations of the studied elements in the minerals, and their dissolution rates. Chemical depletion fractions for the studied elements from bedrock to the soil were 50–70 %, and the losses of dominant soluble minerals in the soil were 30–80 %. Exports of residual Mg, Ca and Sr following partial incorporation of these elements into secondary phyllosilicates are probably low because newly-formed clay minerals are not abundant in the soil. Residual Ca following preferential incorporation of isotopically light Ca into growing tree biomass may contribute to the isotopically heavy runoff Ca. Isotope ratios of base cations were obtained for six minerals (plagioclase, orthoclase, biotite, muscovite, apatite, and ilmenite). Mineral fractions differ greatly in δ26Mg and δ44Ca values and 87Sr/86Sr ratios. 80–97 % of each of the three studied base cations are present in the bedrock in a single relatively easily dissolvable mineral: Mg in biotite, and Ca and Sr in plagioclase. The isotope composition of Mg in biotite was similar to the isotope composition of Mg in runoff. The isotope compositions of Ca and Sr in plagioclase were also similar to Ca and Sr isotope compositions in runoff. Thus, the dominant geogenic source of each of the studied elements (Mg, Ca and Sr) in the investigated paragneiss catchment can be represented by one relatively soluble mineral.
Permanent Link: https://hdl.handle.net/11104/0349551

 

0572984 - ÚH 2024 DE eng A - Abstract
Čermáková, Lenka - Novotná, Kateřina - Pivokonský, Martin
Investigating microplastics at two drinking water treatment plants within a river catchment.
EGU General Assembly 2023. Göttingen: Copernicus Meetings, 2023, č. článku EGU23-2560..
[EGU General Assembly 2023. 23.04.2023-28.04.2023, Vídeň]
Grant - others:AV ČR(CZ) AP2201
Program: Akademická prémie - Praemium Academiae
Keywords : microplastics * water treatment plant * drinking water
OECD category: Environmental sciences (social aspects to be 5.7)
https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU23/EGU23-2560.html

Microplastics (MPs) are emerging globally distributed pollutants of aquatic environments. Nowadays, MPs are being detected in seas, oceans and freshwater bodies worldwide, even in very remote areas. Studies have reported also the occurrence of MPs in potable water. Despite the potential adverse effects on human health are still largely unknown, the presence of MPs in drinking water deserves more attention. Besides the need for elimination of MPs in natural environments, it is necessary to focus also on their fate and removability at drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs) that pose a barrier for MPs to enter water for human consumption. In our study, we decided to provide unique insight into the occurrence of MPs at two different DWTPs situated on the same river but differing in treatment technology. Quantification and characterization of MPs ≥ 1 μm was conducted not only in raw and treated water but also after each technological treatment step. The results showed that the content of MPs varied greatly between the DWTPs. There were 23 ± 2 and 14 ± 1 MPs L−1 in raw and treated water, respectively, at the upstream DWTP. By contrast, 1296 ± 35 and 151 ± 4 MPs L−1 were found in raw and treated water, respectively, at the downstream DWTP. The majority (>70%) of MPs were smaller than 10 μm, and irregular fragment shape prevailed over fibres. Cellulose acetate, polyethylene terephthalate, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, and polypropylene were the most frequently occurring materials. Total removal of MPs of 88% was achieved at the DWTP with a higher initial MP number and more complicated treatment technology consisting of coagulation-flocculation-sedimentation, deep-bed filtration through clay-based material, and granular activated carbon adsorption. These steps contributed to MP elimination by 62%, 20%, and 6%, respectively. These results contribute to filling the knowledge gap regarding the removability of different types of MPs by distinct drinking water treatment technologies operating under ordinary conditions.
Permanent Link: https://hdl.handle.net/11104/0343510

 

0578796 - ÚH 2024 RIV cze P1 - User Module
Dolejš, P. - Andreides, D. - Šmejkalová, P. - Bartáček, J. - Stejskal, O. - Hložanka, F. - Bureš, D. - Pivokonský, Martin - Sochorová, Helena - Prokopová, Michaela
Systém pro monitoring a správu technologických celků úpravny vody.
[System for monitoring and management of technological units of the water treatment plant.]
2023. Owner: Vysoká škola chemicko-technologická v Praze - VDT Technology, a.s. - Ústav pro hydrodynamiku AV ČR, v. v. i. Date of the utility model acceptance: 18.09.2023. Utility model number: 37316
R&D Projects: GA MV(CZ) VB01000006
Grant - others:AV ČR(CZ) AP2201
Program: Akademická prémie - Praemium Academiae
Institutional support: RVO:67985874
Keywords : drinking water * monitoring * predictive control * software application * drinking water treatment
OECD category: Environmental sciences (social aspects to be 5.7)
https://isdv.upv.gov.cz/doc/FullFiles/UtilityModels/FullDocuments/FDUM0037/uv037316.pdf

Technické řešení se týká systému, jehož úkolem je efektivní a prediktivní řízení technologického procesu úpravy pitné vody a minimalizaci a řízení rizik kritické vodárenské infrastruktury pro zajištění nepřetržité dodávky pitné vody.

The TWIN SKIN project's technical solution involves an automated software-based system designed to efficiently and predictively manage the technological processes involved in treating drinking water.
Permanent Link: https://hdl.handle.net/11104/0350575