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Ceratonova shasta: a cnidarian parasite of annelids and salmonids

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 September 2022

Jerri L. Bartholomew Open the ORCID record for Jerri L. Bartholomew [Opens in a new window] ,
Julie D. Alexander ,
Sascha L. Hallett ,
Gema Alama-Bermejo  and
Stephen D. Atkinson
Jerri L. Bartholomew*
Affiliation:
Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Nash Hall 226, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA
Julie D. Alexander
Affiliation:
Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Nash Hall 226, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA
Sascha L. Hallett
Affiliation:
Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Nash Hall 226, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA
Gema Alama-Bermejo
Affiliation:
Institute of Parasitology, Biology Center of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branisovska 31, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic Division of Fish Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
Stephen D. Atkinson
Affiliation:
Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Nash Hall 226, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA
*
Author for correspondence: Jerri L. Bartholomew, E-mail: jerri.bartholomew@oregonstate.edu
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Abstract

The myxozoan Ceratonova shasta was described from hatchery rainbow trout over 70 years ago. The parasite continues to cause severe disease in salmon and trout, and is recognized as a barrier to salmon recovery in some rivers. This review incorporates changes in our knowledge of the parasite's life cycle, taxonomy and biology and examines how this information has expanded our understanding of the interactions between C. shasta and its salmonid and annelid hosts, and how overarching environmental factors affect this host–parasite system. Development of molecular diagnostic techniques has allowed discrimination of differences in parasite genotypes, which have differing host affinities, and enabled the measurement of the spatio-temporal abundance of these different genotypes. Establishment of the C. shasta life cycle in the laboratory has enabled studies on host–parasite interactions and the availability of transcriptomic data has informed our understanding of parasite virulence factors and host defences. Together, these advances have informed the development of models and management actions to mitigate disease.

Keywords

Actinosporediseaseenteronecrosisenvironmental factorsepidemiologyfish immunityintra-specific parasite diversitymanagementmonitoringmyxosporeMyxozoa
Type
Review Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 149 , Special Issue 14: Fish Parasitology , December 2022 , pp. 1862 - 1875
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Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press

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