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Optical Amplification

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Handbook of Radio and Optical Networks Convergence

Abstract

Optical amplifiers based on the stimulated emission of radiation paved the way for the global expansion of the high-speed internet, revolutionizing the world of telecommunications. They have further enabled highly efficient, high-power laser tools contributing to many areas of industry, medicine, and other domains. This chapter starts with a description of the erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) for optical fiber communications in the 1550 nm wavelength region. The structure, components, theory, and optimization issues of EDFAs are discussed and used as an example to describe the basics of numerical modeling of optical amplifiers. We then give a brief description of other rare-earth-doped amplifiers, including praseodymium-doped amplifiers for the 1.3 micrometer band and thulium-doped fiber amplifiers for wavelength ranges below and above the band covered by the EDFAs. Next, technologies of cladding-pumped, high-power fiber amplifiers and lasers, mainly based on ytterbium-doped double-clad fibers, are briefly reviewed before an overview of principles of operation of Raman fiber amplifiers, semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOA), parametric fiber amplifiers, and bismuth-doped fiber amplifiers. Finally, selected applications of optical amplifiers are discussed, namely the maximization of the transmission distance without in-line optical amplifiers, EDFAs for spatial mode division multiplexing in multicore optical fibers, and bidirectional EDFA for precise time and frequency transmission.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    For the low-loss regions of standard single mode fibers and telecommunications band assignment check Fig. 1

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Acknowledgments

The chapter is dedicated to Miroslav “Mirek” Karásek in memory of his inspiring passion in research of optical amplifiers in telecommunications. He also initiated the semestral course “Fiber lasers and amplifiers” at the Czech Technical University in Prague, which in its current form influenced this short overview of optical amplifiers. The authors acknowledge Jiří Čtyroký and Radan Slavík for valuable comments to the text and colleagues from the team of Fiber lasers and nonlinear optics of the Institute of Photonics and Electronics of the Czech Academy of Sciences as well as colleagues from the Optical Networks Department of the CESNET for help in preparation of the figures. Pavel Peterka acknowledges support from the Czech Science Foundation, project No. 23-05701S. Josef Vojtech acknowledges support by the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sport of the Czech Republic as part of the e-INFRA CZ project LM2018140.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Photonics and Electronics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia

    Pavel Peterka

  2. CESNET, z. s. p. o, Prague, Czechia

    Josef Vojtěch

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  1. Pavel Peterka
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  2. Josef Vojtěch
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Correspondence to Pavel Peterka .

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  1. Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan

    Tetsuya Kawanishi

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  1. NICT, Tokyo, Japan

    Ben Puttnam

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© 2023 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

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Peterka, P., Vojtěch, J. (2023). Optical Amplification. In: Kawanishi, T. (eds) Handbook of Radio and Optical Networks Convergence. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4999-5_20-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4999-5_20-1

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  • Print ISBN: 978-981-33-4999-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-981-33-4999-5

  • eBook Packages: Springer Reference Physics and AstronomyReference Module Physical and Materials ScienceReference Module Chemistry, Materials and Physics

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