Abstract
A small-scale lime kiln was designed and built in order to evaluate lime binders produced in the past. The design does not copy any specific historic model but it is made to replicate two main historic procedures: intermittent wood and mixed-feed burnings. The prototype is equipped with sensors and the burning process is monitored by a set of thermocouples in three height levels, an air flow gauge on the primary air inlet and a gas analyser of fumes (CO, CO2 and O2) passing through a chimney. The obtained data are used for an assessment of the whole burning process and its optimisation. The paper presents data about four experimental wood burnings of air lime and summaries the newly gained experience regarding the operation of the kiln. In order to assess the quality of the produced lime several samples of quicklime were taken from three main positions according to heat distribution in the kiln. These samples were analysed and compared with samples obtained from five different modern industrial shaft kilns which use oil, gas and coal as fuel. The micro-structure of quicklimes was evaluated focusing on the influence of calcination temperature and its duration. SEM, MIP and BET analyses were used to evaluate the morphology, size of crystallites, porosity, pore size distribution and surface area of the produced quicklimes. The obtained characteristics were compared to the reactivity of lime and the quality of the products was discussed.
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Acknowledgements
The study was supported by the research project “Traditional lime technologies and their present use” (DF11P01OVV010) and its follow up project “Lime materials for restoration and conservation of authentic elements of historic buildings” (DG16P02H012) provided by the Czech Ministry of Culture within its NAKI research programme. Companies Vápenka Vitošov and Vápenka Čertovy Schody are thanked for providing limestone and quicklime samples. Dr. Pavel Beran is thanked for the thermal model of the kiln.
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Válek, J., Skružná, O., Petráňová, V., Frankeová, D., Jiroušek, J. (2019). Development of a Small-Scale Lime Kiln and Experimental Assessment of the Produced Quicklime. In: Hughes, J., Válek, J., Groot, C. (eds) Historic Mortars. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91606-4_20
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91606-4_20
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