Abstract
We explored photoprotective strategies in a cryptophyte alga Rhodomonas salina. This cryptophytic alga represents phototrophs where chlorophyll a/c antennas in thylakoids are combined with additional light-harvesting system formed by phycobiliproteins in the chloroplast lumen. The fastest response to excessive irradiation is induction of non-photochemical quenching (NPQ). The maximal NPQ appears already after 20 s of excessive irradiation. This initial phase of NPQ is sensitive to Ca2+ channel inhibitor (diltiazem) and disappears, also, in the presence of non-actin, an ionophore for monovalent cations. The prolonged exposure to high light of R. salina cells causes photoinhibition of photosystem II (PSII) that can be further enhanced when Ca2+ fluxes are inhibited by diltiazem. The light-induced reduction in PSII photochemical activity is smaller when compared with immotile diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. We explain this as a result of their different photoprotective strategies. Besides the protective role of NPQ, the motile R. salina also minimizes high light exposure by increased cell velocity by almost 25% percent (25% from 82 to 104 μm/s). We suggest that motility of algal cells might have a photoprotective role at high light because algal cell rotation around longitudinal axes changes continual irradiation to periodically fluctuating light.
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Abbreviations
- CAP:
-
chloramphenicol
- F M :
-
maximal chlorophyll a fluorescence for dark-adapted sample
- F M′:
-
maximal chlorophyll a fluorescence for light-adapted sample
- F M″:
-
maximal chlorophyll a fluorescence measured in the dark following short light period
- F V/F M :
-
maximal efficiency of PSII photochemistry
- NPQ:
-
non-photochemical quenching of fluorescence
- PSII:
-
photosystem II
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Acknowledgments
We want to thank Ondřej Prášil and Aurelie Crepin for critical reading of the manuscript. We want to acknoledge Jiří Šetlík for his long-term technical assistance during experiments and for skillful adaptation of biophysical instruments.
Funding
This research project was supported by the Czech Science Foundation (GAČR) (Grantová agentura České republiky) project GACR 16-10088S. The work at center ALGATECH has been supported by the institutional projects Algatech Plus (MSMT LO1416) and Algamic (CZ 1.05/2.1.00/19.0392) from the Czech Ministry of Education, Youth and Sport.
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Dedicated to the memory of Dr. Ivan Šetlík
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Kaňa, R., Kotabová, E., Šedivá, B. et al. Photoprotective strategies in the motile cryptophyte alga Rhodomonas salina—role of non-photochemical quenching, ions, photoinhibition, and cell motility. Folia Microbiol 64, 691–703 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12223-019-00742-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12223-019-00742-y