Abstract
Cadmium contamination of soil and water as a result of industrialization and inappropriate agricultural practices is a global problem. As Cd is a toxic and carcinogenic element, its uptake into crops and transfer to the food chain poses serious health risks. Nanoparticles (NPs) are considered as promising materials for agriculture, which can be used as fertilizers, growth promoters, or to reduce negative environmental impacts. Therefore, the effect of Ag, Fe3O4, MnO2, TiO2, and ZnO NPs on the root elongation and Cd accumulation in germinating white mustard under cadmium stress was investigated in this study. The efficiency of NPs was compared with the effect of Ag+, Fe2+, Mn2+, and Zn2+ ions. Amelioration of Cd stress (Cd reduced root length to 46.9% of the control) was provided by ZnO NPs (root length restored to 76.5% of the control) and Zn2+ ions (56.7% of the control) at pH 8, while at pH 6 mainly ionic Zn2+ was toxic. Ag NPs (root length 107.7 and 129.6% of the control at pH 8 and pH 6, respectively) and Ag+ ions (157.5% and 137.6% of the control at pH 8 and pH 6, respectively) increased root elongation of seedlings unexposed to Cd and to some extent (insignificantly) under Cd stress as well. The reduction of Cd uptake into the seedlings in the presence of ZnO NPs and Zn2+ ions from 28.30 to 19.57 and to 23.04 µg/g DW at pH 8, respectively, and from 33.29 to 28.30 and to 25.90 µg/g DW at pH 6, respectively, was probably responsible for the protective effect of these substances. Other materials tested did not significantly affect the root growth under Cd stress, nor did they reduce Cd accumulation in the seedlings as well. The role of the chemical species was more decisive than the role of its form.
Graphical Abstract
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Adamczyk-Szabela D, Wolf WM (2022) The impact of soil ph on heavy metals uptake and photosynthesis efficiency in Melissa officinalis, Taraxacum officinalis. Ocimum Basilicum Mol 27:4671. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27154671
Ali S, Rizwan M, Hussain A, Zia Ur Rehman M, Ali B, Yousaf B, Wijaya L, Alyemeni MN, Ahmad P (2019) Silicon nanoparticles enhanced the growth and reduced the cadmium accumulation in grains of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Plant Physiol Biochem 140:1–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.04.041
Arruda SC, Silva AL, Galazzi RM, Azevedo RA, Arruda MA (2015) Nanoparticles applied to plant science: a review. Talanta 131:693–705. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2014.08.050
Buchman JT, Hudson-Smith NV, Landy KM, Haynes CL (2019) Understanding nanoparticle toxicity mechanisms to inform redesign strategies to reduce environmental impact. Acc Chem Res 52:1632–1642. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.accounts.9b00053
Cherif J, Mediouni C, Ben Ammar W, Jemal F (2011) Interactions of zinc and cadmium toxicity in their effects on growth and in antioxidative systems in tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum). J Environ Sci (china) 23:837–844. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1001-0742(10)60415-9
Dong Q, Hu S, Fei L, Liu L, Wang Z (2019) Interaction between Cd and Zn on metal accumulation, translocation and mineral nutrition in tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea). Int J Mol Sci 20:3332. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20133332
Di Salvatore M, Carafa AM, Carratù G (2008) Assessment of heavy metals phytotoxicity using seed germination and root elongation tests: a comparison of two growth substrates. Chemosphere 73:1461–1464. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.07.061
Faiz S, Shah AA, Naveed NH, Nijabat A, Yasin NA, Batool AI, Ali HM, Javed T, Simon PW, Ali A (2022) Synergistic application of silver nanoparticles and indole acetic acid alleviate cadmium induced stress and improve growth of Daucus carota L. Chemosphere 290:133200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133200
Fargašová A (2001) Phytotoxic effects of Cd, Zn, Pb, Cu and Fe on Sinapis alba L. seedlings and their accumulation in roots and shoots. Biol Plant 44:471–473. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1012456507827
Franklin NM, Rogers NJ, Apte SC, Batley GE, Gadd GE, Casey PS (2007) Comparative toxicity of nanoparticulate ZnO, bulk ZnO, and ZnCl2 to a freshwater microalga (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata): the importance of particle solubility. Environ Sci Technol 41:8484–8490. https://doi.org/10.1021/es071445r
Gong X, Huang D, Liu Y, Zeng G, Wang R, Wan J, Zhang C, Cheng M, Qin X, Xue W (2017) Stabilized nanoscale zerovalent iron mediated cadmium accumulation and oxidative damage of Boehmeria nivea (L.) Gaudich cultivated in cadmium contaminated sediments. Environ Sci Technol 51:11308–11316. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b03164
Hruby M, Cigler P, Kuzel S (2002) Contribution to understanding the mechanism of titanium action in plant. J Plant Nutr 25:577–598. https://doi.org/10.1081/PLN-120003383
Hussain A, Rizwan M, Ali S, Rehman MZU, Qayyum MF, Nawaz R, Ahmad A, Asrar M, Ahmad SR, Alsahli AA, Alyemeni MN (2021) Combined use of different nanoparticles effectively decreased cadmium (Cd) concentration in grains of wheat grown in a field contaminated with Cd. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 215:112139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112139
ICDD PDF-2 database, International Centre for Diffraction Data, 12 Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073–3273, USA, release 2004.
Irshad MA, Rehman MZU, Anwar-Ul-Haq M, Rizwan M, Nawaz R, Shakoor MB, Wijaya L, Alyemeni MN, Ahmad P, Ali S (2021) Effect of green and chemically synthesized titanium dioxide nanoparticles on cadmium accumulation in wheat grains and potential dietary health risk: A field investigation. J Hazard Mater 415:125585. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125585
Khan MA, Khan S, Khan A, Alam M (2017) Soil contamination with cadmium, consequences and remediation using organic amendments. Sci Total Environ 601–602:1591–1605. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.06.030
Konate A, He X, Zhang Z, Ma Y, Zhang P, Alugongo GM, Rui Y (2017) Magnetic (Fe3O4) nanoparticles reduce heavy metals uptake and mitigate their toxicity in wheat seedling. Sustainability 9:790. https://doi.org/10.3390/su9050790
Kubier A, Wilkin RT, Pichler T (2019) Cadmium in soils and groundwater: a review. Appl Geochem 108:1–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2019.104388
Lábár JL, Adamik M, Barna BP, Czigány Z, Fogarassy Z, Horváth ZE, Geszti O, Misják F, Morgiel J, Radnóczi G, Sáfrán G, Székely L, Szüts T (2012) Electron diffraction based analysis of phase fractions and texture in nanocrystalline thin films, part III: application examples. Microsc Microanal 18:406–420. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1431927611012803
Landa P (2021) Positive effects of metallic nanoparticles on plants: overview of involved mechanisms. Plant Physiol Biochem 161:12–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.01.039
Li M, Zhu LZ, Lin DH (2011) Toxicity of ZnO nanoparticles to Escherichia coli: mechanism and the influence of medium components. Environ Sci Technol 45:1977–1983. https://doi.org/10.1021/es102624t
Mahakham W, Sarmah AK, Maensiri S, Theerakulpisut P (2017) Nanopriming technology for enhancing germination and starch metabolism of aged rice seeds using phytosynthesized silver nanoparticles. Sci Rep 7:8263. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-08669-5
Manzoor N, Ahmed T, Noman M, Shahid M, Nazir MM, Ali L, Alnusaire TS, Li B, Schulin R, Wang G (2021) Iron oxide nanoparticles ameliorated the cadmium and salinity stresses in wheat plants, facilitating photosynthetic pigments and restricting cadmium uptake. Sci Total Environ 769:145221. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145221
Mazur R, Sadowska M, Kowalewska Ł, Abratowska A, Kalaji HM, Mostowska A, Garstka M, Krasnodębska-Ostręga B (2016) Overlapping toxic effect of long term thallium exposure on white mustard (Sinapis alba L.) photosynthetic activity. BMC Plant Biol 16:191. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-016-0883-4
Mohammadi H, Amani-Ghadim AR, Matin AA, Ghorbanpour M (2020) Fe0 nanoparticles improve physiological and antioxidative attributes of sunflower (Helianthus annuus) plants grown in soil spiked with hexavalent chromium. 3 Biotech 10:19. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-019-2002-3
Palm ER, Guidi Nissim W, Adamcová D, Podlasek A, Jakimiuk A, Vaverková MD (2022) Sinapis alba L. and Triticum aestivum L. as biotest model species for evaluating municipal solid waste leachate toxicity. J Environ Manage 302:114012. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.114012
Shao G, Chen M, Wang W, Mou R, Zhang G (2007) Iron nutrition affects cadmium accumulation and toxicity in rice plants. Plant Growth Regul 53:33–42. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10725-007-9201-3
Sharma S, Rana VS, Pawar R, Johnson L, VinayKumar R (2021) Nanofertilizers for sustainable fruit production: a review. Environ Chem Lett 19:1693–1714. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-020-01125-3
Sims JT (1986) Soil pH effects on the distribution and plant availability of manganese, copper, and zinc. Soil Sci Soc Am J 50:367–373. https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1986.03615995005000020023x
Singh BR, Narwal RP, Jeng AS, Almas Å (1995) Crop uptake and extractability of cadmium in soils naturally high in metals at different pH levels. Commun Soil Sci Plant Anal 26(13–14):2123–2142. https://doi.org/10.1080/00103629509369434
Singh J, Lee BK (2016) Influence of nano-TiO2 particles on the bioaccumulation of Cd in soybean plants (Glycine max): a possible mechanism for the removal of Cd from the contaminated soil. J Environ Manage 170:88–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.01.015
Tarrahi R, Mahjouri S, Khataee A (2021) A review on in vivo and in vitro nanotoxicological studies in plants: a headlight for future targets. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 208:111697. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111697
Timmerer U, Lehmann L, Schnug E, Bloem E (2020) Toxic effects of single antibiotics and antibiotics in combination on germination and growth of Sinapis alba L. Plants (basel) 9:107. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9010107
Tkalec M, Stefanić PP, Cvjetko P, Sikić S, Pavlica M, Balen B (2014) The effects of cadmium-zinc interactions on biochemical responses in tobacco seedlings and adult plants. PLoS One 9:e87582. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0087582
Wang J, Koo Y, Alexander A, Yang Y, Westerhof S, Zhang Q, Schnoor JL, Colvin VL, Braam J, Alvarez PJ (2013) Phytostimulation of poplars and Arabidopsis exposed to silver nanoparticles and Ag+ at sublethal concentrations. Environ Sc Technol 47:5442–5449. https://doi.org/10.1021/es4004334
Wang P, Chen H, Kopittke PM, Zhao FJ (2019) Cadmium contamination in agricultural soils of China and the impact on food safety. Environ Pollut 249:1038–1048. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.03.063
Wang X, Jiang J, Dou F, Sun W, Ma X (2021) Simultaneous mitigation of arsenic and cadmium accumulation in rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings by silicon oxide nanoparticles under different water management schemes. Paddy Water Environ 19:569–584. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10333-021-00855-6
Zhao L, Lu L, Wang A, Zhang H, Huang M, Wu H, Xing B, Wang Z, Ji R (2020) Nano-biotechnology in agriculture: use of nanomaterials to promote plant growth and stress tolerance. J Agric Food Chem 68:1935–1947. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.9b06615
Funding
The work was supported by the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic from European Regional Development Fund-Project “Center for Experimental Plant Biology”: No. CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_019/0000738. Further, the authors would like to thank for financial support provided by the Research Infrastructure NanoEnviCz, supported by the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic under Project No. LM2018124.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
PL designed experiments, participated on phytotoxicity assays, and wrote the manuscript. SP performed element analysis. PS performed statistical analysis. PD and JK characterized nanoparticles. KM participated on phytotoxicity assays. All authors revised the manuscript.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare no conflict of interest
Additional information
Handling Editor: Vinay Kumar.
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Landa, P., Petrova, S., Dytrych, P. et al. Effect of Metallic Nanoparticles and Ions on Seeds Germinating Under Cadmium Stress. J Plant Growth Regul 42, 7749–7758 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-023-11049-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-023-11049-1