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Exposure of Portland-Limestone Cement – Metakaolin Paste to Cold Chloride-Sulfate Environment: NMR Spectroscopy Assessment of Structural Changes in Hydrated Phases and Relation to Chloride Ingress

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International RILEM Conference on Synergising Expertise towards Sustainability and Robustness of Cement-based Materials and Concrete Structures (SynerCrete 2023)

Part of the book series: RILEM Bookseries ((RILEM,volume 44))

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Abstract

The effect of sulfates on chloride ingress and microstructure in Portland-limestone cement – metakaolin paste was studied. Crystalline and amorphous phases were investigated with X-ray powder diffraction and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Free chlorides were determined with ion chromatography. The influence of metakaolin on the microstructure and chloride binding was highlighted by comparing the material with pure Portland-limestone cement paste. The results showed that the high Al content in metakaolin increased the chloride binding ability of the binder and Al incorporation in the C‒S‒H phase. Close to the surface, metakaolin admixture contributed in greater polymerization of the silicate chains of C‒S‒H, while larger amounts of unreacted clinker were observed, compared to deeper parts. At higher depths, chlorides bound in the form of Friedel’s salt and free chlorides, were considerably reduced, attributed to refinement of the matrix. The presence of sulfates in the exposure solution affected chloride binding by inhibiting the formation of Friedel’s salt and increasing free chlorides in the pore solution. Moreover, sulfates decreased the polymerization of the silicate chains in the C‒S‒H of the Portland-limestone cement – metakaolin paste and reduced the hydration of clinker in pure Portland-limestone cement paste.

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Acknowledgements

The work was funded by the Czech Science Foundation (grant number 21-35772J) and the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grant number 20–52-26021).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prosecká 809/76, Prague, 19000, Czechia

    Konstantinos Sotiriadis & Radek Ševčík

  2. Center for Magnetic Resonance, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetsky Pr. 26, St. Petersburg, Petergof, 198504, Russia

    Anton Mazur & Peter Tolstoy

Authors
  1. Konstantinos Sotiriadis
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  2. Anton Mazur
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  3. Peter Tolstoy
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  4. Radek Ševčík
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Correspondence to Konstantinos Sotiriadis .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Structural Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland

    Agnieszka Jędrzejewska

  2. Technical Specialist Services, Materials, ARUP, London, UK

    Fragkoulis Kanavaris

  3. ISISE, University of Minho, Guimaraes, Portugal

    Miguel Azenha

  4. Laboratoire de Mécanique Paris-Saclay, ENS Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France

    Farid Benboudjema

  5. Institute of Structural Concrete, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria

    Dirk Schlicke

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Sotiriadis, K., Mazur, A., Tolstoy, P., Ševčík, R. (2023). Exposure of Portland-Limestone Cement – Metakaolin Paste to Cold Chloride-Sulfate Environment: NMR Spectroscopy Assessment of Structural Changes in Hydrated Phases and Relation to Chloride Ingress. In: Jędrzejewska, A., Kanavaris, F., Azenha, M., Benboudjema, F., Schlicke, D. (eds) International RILEM Conference on Synergising Expertise towards Sustainability and Robustness of Cement-based Materials and Concrete Structures. SynerCrete 2023. RILEM Bookseries, vol 44. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-33187-9_88

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-33187-9_88

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-031-33186-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-031-33187-9

  • eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)

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