Abstract
In this paper we consider the problem of finding an evolution of a dynamical system that originates and terminates in given sets of states. However, if such an evolution exists then it is usually not unique. We investigate this problem and find a scalable approach for solving it. In addition, the resulting saddle-point matrix is sparse. We exploit the structure in order to reach an efficient implementation of our method. In computational experiments we compare line search and trust-region methods as well as various methods for Hessian approximation.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abbas H, Fainekos G (2011) Linear hybrid system falsification through local search. In: Bultan T, Hsiung PA (eds) Automated technology for verification and analysis, vol 6996. Lecture notes in computer science. Springer, Berlin, pp 503–510. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-24372-1_39
Annpureddy Y, Liu C, Fainekos G, Sankaranarayanan S (2011) S-TaLiRo: a tool for temporal logic falsification for hybrid systems. In: Abdulla P, Leino K (eds) Tools and algorithms for the construction and analysis of systems, vol 6605. Lecture notes in computer science. Springer, Berlin, pp 254–257. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-19835-9_21
Ascher UM, Petzold LR (1998) Computer methods for ordinary differential equations and differential–algebraic equations. Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (SIAM), Philadelphia. https://doi.org/10.1137/1.9781611971392
Ascher UM, Mattheij RMM, Russell RD (1995) Numerical solution of boundary value problems for ordinary differential equations, classics in applied mathematics, vol 13. Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (SIAM), Philadelphia. https://doi.org/10.1137/1.9781611971231. Corrected reprint of the 1988 original
Benzi M, Golub GH, Liesen J (2005) Numerical solution of saddle point problems. Acta Numer 14:1–137. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0962492904000212
Betts JT (2010) Practical methods for optimal control and estimation using nonlinear programming, advances in design and control, vol 19, 2nd edn. Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (SIAM), Philadelphia. https://doi.org/10.1137/1.9780898718577
Branicky MS, Curtiss MM, Levine J, Morgan S (2006) Sampling-based planning, control and verification of hybrid systems. IEE Proc Control Theory Appl 153(15):575–590
Byrd RH, Hribar ME, Nocedal J (1999) An interior point algorithm for large-scale nonlinear programming. SIAM J Optim 9(4):877–900
Estrin R, Greif C (2015) On nonsingular saddle-point systems with a maximally rank deficient leading block. SIAM J Matrix Anal Appl 36(2):367–384. https://doi.org/10.1137/140989996
Golub GH, Van Loan CF (1996) Matrix computations, 3rd edn. Johns Hopkins Studies in the Mathematical Sciences. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore
Griewank A, Toint PL (1982) Partitioned variable metric updates for large structured optimization problems. Numer Math 39(1):119–137. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01399316
Khalil HK (2002) Nonlinear systems, 3rd edn. Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River
Kuřátko J, Ratschan S (2014) Combined global and local search for the falsification of hybrid systems. In: Legay A, Bozga M (eds) Formal modeling and analysis of timed systems, vol 8711. Lecture notes in computer science. Springer, Berlin, pp 146–160. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10512-3_11
Lamiraux F, Ferré E, Vallée E (2004) Kinodynamic motion planning: connecting exploration trees using trajectory optimization methods. In: Proceedings of 2004 IEEE international conference on robotics and automation, 2004. ICRA ’04, vol 4, pp 3987–3992 . https://doi.org/10.1109/ROBOT.2004.1308894
Lukšan L, Vlček J (2001) Numerical experience with iterative methods for equality constrained nonlinear programming problems. Optim Methods Softw 16(1–4):257–287. https://doi.org/10.1080/10556780108805838 (Dedicated to Professor Laurence C. W. Dixon on the occasion of his 65th birthday)
Lukšan L, Matonoha C, Vlček J (2004) Interior-point method for non-linear non-convex optimization. Numer Linear Algebra Appl 11(5–6):431–453
Matonoha C (2004) Numerická Realizace Metod s Lokálně Omezeným Krokem. Ph.D. dissertation (in Czech), Charles University, Prague
Nocedal J, Wright SJ (2006) Numerical optimization, 2nd edn. Springer series in operations research and financial engineering. Springer, New York
Pontryagin LS, Boltyanskii VG, Gamkrelidze RV, Mishchenko EF (1962) The mathematical theory of optimal processes, transl: the Russian by K. N. Trirogoff; edited by L. W. Neustadt. Wiley, New York
Scilab Enterprises (2012) Scilab: free and open source software for numerical computation. Scilab Enterprises, Orsay. http://www.scilab.org. Accessed 10 May 2017
Williamson KA (1990) A robust trust region algorithm for nonlinear programming. Technical report
Zutshi A, Sankaranarayanan S, Deshmukh JV, Kapinski J (2013) A trajectory splicing approach to concretizing counterexamples for hybrid systems. In: 2013 IEEE 52nd annual conference on decision and control (CDC), pp 3918–3925. https://doi.org/10.1109/CDC.2013.6760488
Acknowledgements
We thank anonymous referees for useful comments and valuable suggestions that have led to significant improvement of the manuscript. We thank Ctirad Matonoha for his help with numerical experiments.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
This work was supported by the Czech Science Foundation (GACR) Grant No. 15-14484S with institutional support RVO:67985807.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kuřátko, J., Ratschan, S. Solving reachability problems by a scalable constrained optimization method. Optim Eng 21, 215–239 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11081-019-09441-6
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11081-019-09441-6