Abstract
Main conclusion
Chenopodium ficifolium flowered under long days despite much lower expression of FLOWERING LOCUS T homolog than under short days.
Abstract
Frequent duplications of the FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) gene across various taxonomic lineages resulted in FT paralogs with floral repressor function, whereas others duplicates maintained their floral-promoting role. The FT gene has been confirmed as the inducer of photoperiodic flowering in most angiosperms analyzed to date. We identified all FT homologs in the transcriptome of Chenopodium ficifolium and in the genome of Chenopodium suecicum, which are closely related to diploid progenitors of the tetraploid crop Chenopodium quinoa, and estimated their expression during photoperiodic floral induction. We found that expression of FLOWERING LOCUS T like 1 (FTL1), the ortholog of the sugar beet floral activator BvFT2, correlated with floral induction in C. suecicum and short-day C. ficifolium, but not with floral induction in C. ficifolium with accelerated flowering under long days. This C. ficifolium accession was induced to flowering without the concomitant upregulation of any FT homolog.
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Abbreviations
- AP1 :
-
APETALA 1
- FUL :
-
FRUITFULL
- FT :
-
FLOWERING LOCUS T
- FTL :
-
FLOWERING LOCUS T like
- LFY :
-
LEAFY
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Acknowledgements
We would like to thank James D. Stone for the linguistic revision of the text. We are grateful to Lucie Černá for technical assistance in the laboratory and in the greenhouse, and to Marie Pažoutová for bioinformatic aid. We appreciate the helpful comments of the two anonymous reviewers. Our work was supported by the Czech Science Foundation (Grant Number 13-02290S) to BM and HŠ. Additional support was provided by European Regional Development Fund-Project “Centre for Experimental Plant Biology” (No. CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_019/0000738) and by long-term research development project RVO 67985939.
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Štorchová, H., Hubáčková, H., Abeyawardana, O.A.J. et al. Chenopodium ficifolium flowers under long days without upregulation of FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) homologs. Planta 250, 2111–2125 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-019-03285-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-019-03285-1