On Stability of High-Surface-Area Al2O3, TiO2, SiO2-Al2O3, and Activated Carbon Supports during Preparation of NiMo Sulfide Catalysts for Parallel Deoxygenation of Octanoic Acid and Hydrodesulfurization of 1-Benzothiophene
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Structural Characteristics
2.2. Textural Characteristics
2.2.1. Supports
2.2.2. NiMo Sulfide Catalysts
2.3. Catalytic Activity
2.4. Textural Stability during HDO/HDS Reactions
2.5. Selectivity in HDO/HDS Reactions
2.5.1. HDO/HDS Selectivity
2.5.2. Selectivity to Reaction Intermediates
2.6. Recapitulative Discussion and Outlook
- The method of catalyst preparation should be tailored to the specific character of each individual support.
- The supports on the base of SiO2-Al2O3 represent a promising alternative to single oxides because they could be tuned in a wide range of acid-base properties [38,39,40,41,42,43,44] and because they increase dispersion of MoS2 compared to SiO2 [37]. Acidity seems crucial for the HDO of fatty acid containing feeds because it influences the formation of linear or branched hydrocarbons [21,41].
- The active phase should hydrogenate olefins, the reaction intermediates of the HDO of fatty-acid-containing feeds. In this respect, the most promising support of the NiMo phase was found to be the activated carbon. Activated carbon as well as the use of citric acid contributes to low metal-support interaction and stability of Type II NiMoS phase containing a high number of corner sites [36,37].
3. Materials and Methods
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Surface Area SBET (m2 g−1) | Catalyst Activity k | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Support a | Catalysts | (mmol g−1 h−1) | |||||
Fresh b | Spent c | kHDO | kHDS | ||||
Per Gram of Support | Per Gram of Catalyst | Per Gram of Support | Per Gram of Catalyst | Per Gram of Support | |||
Al2O3 | 413 | 165 | 275 | 154 | 257 | 19 | 51 |
TiO2 | 417 | 72 | 120 | 86 | 143 | 126 | 66 |
SiO2-Al2O3 | 500 | 239 | 398 | 257 | 428 | 198 | 90 |
C | 919 | 517 | 862 | 515 | 858 | 250 | 420 |
Support | Fresh Catalyst | Spent Catalyst a | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SBET m2 g−1 | SM m2 g−1 | VM mm3 g−1 | SBET m2 g−1 | SM m2 g−1 | VM mm3 g−1 | SBET m2 g−1 | SM m2 g−1 | VM mm3 g−1 | |
Al2O3 | 413 | 399 | 2 | 165 | 164 | 2 | 154 | 143 | 4 |
TiO2 | 417 | 415 | <1 | 72 | 72 | <1 | 86 | 86 | <1 |
SiO2-Al2O3 | 500 | 500 | <1 | 239 | 205 | 15 | 257 | 229 | 11 |
C | 919 | 224 | 336 | 517 | 140 | 194 | 515 | 139 | 193 |
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Kaluža, L.; Soukup, K.; Koštejn, M.; Karban, J.; Palcheva, R.; Laube, M.; Gulková, D. On Stability of High-Surface-Area Al2O3, TiO2, SiO2-Al2O3, and Activated Carbon Supports during Preparation of NiMo Sulfide Catalysts for Parallel Deoxygenation of Octanoic Acid and Hydrodesulfurization of 1-Benzothiophene. Catalysts 2022, 12, 1559. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal12121559
Kaluža L, Soukup K, Koštejn M, Karban J, Palcheva R, Laube M, Gulková D. On Stability of High-Surface-Area Al2O3, TiO2, SiO2-Al2O3, and Activated Carbon Supports during Preparation of NiMo Sulfide Catalysts for Parallel Deoxygenation of Octanoic Acid and Hydrodesulfurization of 1-Benzothiophene. Catalysts. 2022; 12(12):1559. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal12121559
Chicago/Turabian StyleKaluža, Luděk, Karel Soukup, Martin Koštejn, Jindřich Karban, Radostina Palcheva, Marek Laube, and Daniela Gulková. 2022. "On Stability of High-Surface-Area Al2O3, TiO2, SiO2-Al2O3, and Activated Carbon Supports during Preparation of NiMo Sulfide Catalysts for Parallel Deoxygenation of Octanoic Acid and Hydrodesulfurization of 1-Benzothiophene" Catalysts 12, no. 12: 1559. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal12121559