Abstract
Diatoms constitute an important and diverse component of terrestrial protist communities but remain poorly studied, especially in the Antarctic realm. Here, we investigated the diversity and community structure of the terrestrial diatom flora from the Ulu Peninsula, James Ross Island (Maritime Antarctic Region) using a morphology-based dataset and physico-chemical measurements. A total of 97 taxa belonging to 27 genera was identified in 59 samples from terrestrial environments, including soils and rock walls. The flora was dominated by the genera Hantzschia, Luticola, and Humidophila. Eight distinct diatom assemblages could be distinguished and were mainly structured by differences in environmental characteristics such as vegetation coverage, moisture, conductivity, pH, and nutrient concentrations. In general, James Ross Island harboured a unique diatom flora as evidenced by very low similarity values with other (sub-)Antarctic localities. Only 16% of the taxa have a typical cosmopolitan distribution, whereas 70% showed a restricted Antarctic distribution, supporting previous indications of high species-level endemism in environments characterized by harsh abiotic conditions. In addition, several of the cosmopolitan species uncovered in this study might harbour substantial levels of hidden diversity, including endemic taxa, as previously revealed for the Pinnularia borealis species complex on James Ross Island. Taken together, the present study improves our knowledge and understanding of the diversity, ecology, and community structure of the terrestrial diatom flora of Ulu Peninsula and highlights that soils and wet rock walls represent important terrestrial habitats in this transitional zone between Maritime and Continental Antarctica.
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Acknowledgements
The authors wish to thank Dr. Jan Kavan, Dr. Luděk Sehnal, Dr. Peter Váczi and prof. Miloš Barták for their help during the sampling campaign. Dr. Jordan Bishop, P.B. Hamilton and one anonymous reviewer are thanked for critically reading the manuscript and suggesting substantial improvements. The authors would also like to thank to the scientific infrastructure of the Czech Antarctic Station “J.G. Mendel” and its crew for their support. E.P. is a research fellow of the Simons Foundation (Postdoc Fellow in Marine Microbial Ecology) and received funding from the Belgian American Education Foundation (B.A.E.F.), Fulbright Belgium, and the Fund for Scientific Research—Flanders (FWO) through aspirant grants 1104315N and 1104317N. This study was also supported by long-term research development project No. RVO 67985939 of the Czech Academy of Sciences.
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E.P. is supported by a grant from the Simons Foundation (award 725407), and previously benefited from grants the Belgian American Education Foundation (B.A.E.F.), Fulbright Belgium, and the Fund for Scientific Research-Flanders (FWO) through aspirant Grants 1104315N and 1104317N. This study was also supported by long-term research development project No. RVO 67985939 of the Czech Academy of Sciences.
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BCH, DN, and BVDV conceived the ideas. BCH, TK, and TC performed the analyses and interpreted data. EP, TK, and TC are co-authors of the text. BCH performed the field sampling, did the microscopical observations, and analysed the diatom flora with a significant help of KK and BVDV. FH prepared Fig. 1 and commented on the manuscript. DN led the study and commented on the manuscript. BCH led the writing with significant input and editing from all authors.
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Chattová, B., Cahová, T., Pinseel, E. et al. Diversity, ecology, and community structure of the terrestrial diatom flora from Ulu Peninsula (James Ross Island, NE Antarctic Peninsula). Polar Biol 45, 873–894 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-022-03038-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-022-03038-z