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Late Gothic/early Renaissance gilding technology and the traditional poliment material "Armenian bole": Truly red clay, or rather bauxite?
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SYSNO ASEP 0469413 Document Type J - Journal Article R&D Document Type Journal Article Subsidiary J Článek ve WOS Title Late Gothic/early Renaissance gilding technology and the traditional poliment material "Armenian bole": Truly red clay, or rather bauxite? Author(s) Hradil, David (UACH-T) RID, SAI
Hradilová, J. (CZ)
Bezdička, Petr (UACH-T) SAI, RID, ORCIDSource Title Applied Clay Science. - : Elsevier - ISSN 0169-1317
Roč. 135, JAN (2017), s. 271-281Number of pages 11 s. Language eng - English Country NL - Netherlands Keywords Historical gilding technology ; Poliment ; Armenian bole ; X-ray powder micro-diffraction ; Bauxite Subject RIV DB - Geology ; Mineralogy OECD category Mineralogy R&D Projects GA14-22984S GA ČR - Czech Science Foundation (CSF) Institutional support UACH-T - RVO:61388980 UT WOS 000390621800029 EID SCOPUS 84994443177 DOI 10.1016/j.clay.2016.10.004 Annotation It is generally considered that the so-called "Armenian bole" used since the Antiquity as a medicament and later also as, e.g., a preparatory layer - poliment for water gilding in fine art, was the same material (both by source and composition). It is possible to assume that its alkalinity and strong absorption capacity corresponding most frequently to high content of smectites is beneficial for medicinal purposes, on the other hand, presence of smectites in poliments can cause mechanical instability of the gilding due to swelling effects under increased humidity. Further, pure smectites usually do not allow obtaining a compact layer. Other properties of the bole, as, e.g. elasticity, formability and intense red colour, were sought by painters and goldsmiths and therefore, the boles were more likely represented by mixtures of minerals. We have collected micro-samples of gildings on bole from significant panel paintings and polychrome statues belonging to the most prospective period of the 15th and the early 16th century, when the gilding on bole was occurring most frequently in workshops connected with the most attractive artistic centres of the Central Europe, as, e.g. Southern Germany or Danube region. Non-invasive and micro analytical methods were applied, with particular attention given to the collection of laboratory micro-pXRD data. It was found out that at the turn of the 15th and the 16th century, clay-rich boles of various compositions started to be replaced by products of intense lateritic weathering with significant contents of free Al hydro-oxides (gibbsite, boehmite). It is the first discovery of natural Al-rich pigment (referring either to bauxite or Al-laterite) in historical paintings ever. Workplace Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Contact Jana Kroneislová, krone@iic.cas.cz, Tel.: 311 236 931 Year of Publishing 2017
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