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Processing and Properties of Tungsten-Steel Composites and FGMs Prepared by Spark Plasma Sintering
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SYSNO ASEP 0567526 Document Type J - Journal Article R&D Document Type Journal Article Subsidiary J Článek ve WOS Title Processing and Properties of Tungsten-Steel Composites and FGMs Prepared by Spark Plasma Sintering Author(s) Matějíček, Jiří (UFP-V) RID, ORCID
Mušálek, Radek (UFP-V) RID, ORCID
Dlabáček, Zdeněk (UFP-V)
Klevarová, Veronika (UFP-V)
Kocmanová, Lenka (UFP-V)Number of authors 5 Article number 9037 Source Title Materials. - : MDPI
Roč. 15, č. 24 (2022)Number of pages 17 s. Language eng - English Country CH - Switzerland Keywords composites ; FGMs ; plasma facing components ; spark plasma sintering ; steel ; tungsten Subject RIV JI - Composite Materials OECD category Composites (including laminates, reinforced plastics, cermets, combined natural and synthetic fibre fabrics R&D Projects GA17-23154S GA ČR - Czech Science Foundation (CSF) GB14-36566G GA ČR - Czech Science Foundation (CSF) Method of publishing Open access Institutional support UFP-V - RVO:61389021 UT WOS 000904439500001 EID SCOPUS 85144822163 DOI 10.3390/ma15249037 Annotation Tungsten is the prime candidate material for the plasma-facing components of fusion reactors. For the joining of tungsten armor to the cooling system or support structure, composites or graded interlayers can be used to reduce the stress concentration at the interface. These interlayers can be produced by several technologies. Among these, spark plasma sintering appears advantageous because of its ability to fabricate fully dense parts at lower temperatures and in a shorter time than traditional powder metallurgy techniques, thanks to the concurrent application of temperature, pressure, and electrical current. In this work, spark plasma sintering of tungsten-steel composites and functionally graded layers (FGMs) was investigated. As a first step, pure tungsten and steel powders of different sizes were sintered at a range of temperatures to find a suitable temperature window for fully dense compacts. Characterization of the sintered compacts included structure (by SEM), porosity (by the Archimedean method and image analysis), thermal diffusivity (by the flash method) and mechanical properties (microhardness and flexural strength). Compacts with practically full density and fine grains were obtained, while the temperature needed to achieve full sintering decreased with decreasing powder size (down to about 1500 °C for the 0.4 μm powder). For fully sintered compacts, the hardness and thermal diffusivity increased with decreasing powder size. Composites with selected tungsten/steel ratios were produced at several conditions and characterized. At temperatures of 1100 °C or above, intermetallic formation was observed in the composites, nevertheless, without a detrimental effect on the mechanical strength. Finally, the formation of graded layers and tungsten-steel joints in various configurations was demonstrated. Workplace Institute of Plasma Physics Contact Vladimíra Kebza, kebza@ipp.cas.cz, Tel.: 266 052 975 Year of Publishing 2023 Electronic address https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/24/9037
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