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Programmable Millifluidic Platform Integrating Automatic Electromembrane Extraction Cleanup and In-Line Electrochemical Detection: A Proof of Concept
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SYSNO ASEP 0563043 Document Type J - Journal Article R&D Document Type Journal Article Subsidiary J Článek ve WOS Title Programmable Millifluidic Platform Integrating Automatic Electromembrane Extraction Cleanup and In-Line Electrochemical Detection: A Proof of Concept Author(s) Sahragard, A. (TH)
Dvořák, Miloš (UIACH-O)
Carrasco-Correa, E. J. (ES)
Varanasupakul, P. (TH)
Kubáň, Pavel (UIACH-O) RID, ORCID
Miró, M. (ES)Number of authors 6 Source Title ACS Sensors. - : American Chemical Society - ISSN 2379-3694
Roč. 7, č. 10 (2022), s. 3161-3168Number of pages 8 s. Publication form Online - E Language eng - English Country US - United States Keywords electrochemical sensing ; diclofenac ; sequential injection analysis Subject RIV CB - Analytical Chemistry, Separation OECD category Analytical chemistry Method of publishing Open access Institutional support UIACH-O - RVO:68081715 UT WOS 000868785200001 EID SCOPUS 85139550560 DOI 10.1021/acssensors.2c01648 Annotation A fully automatic millifluidic sensing platform coupling in-line nonsupported microelectromembrane extraction (mu-EME) with electrochemical detection (ECD) is herein proposed for the first time. Exploiting the features of the second generation of flow analysis, termed sequential injection (SI), the smart integration of SI and mu-EME-ECD enables (i) the repeatable formation of microvolumes of phases for the extraction step in a membrane-less (nonsupported) arrangement, (ii) diverting the acceptor plug to the ECD sensing device, (iii) in-line pH adjustment before the detection step, and (iv) washing of the platform for efficient removal of remnants of wetting film solvent, all entirely unsupervised. The real-life applicability of the miniaturized sensing system is studied for in-line sample cleanup and ECD of diclofenac as a model analyte after mu-EME of urine as a complex biological sample. A comprehensive study of the merits and the limitations of mu-EME solvents on ECD is presented. Under the optimal experimental conditions using 14 mu L of unprocessed urine as the donor, 14 mu L of 1-nonanol as the organic phase, and 14 mu L of 25 mM NaOH as the acceptor in a 2.4 mm ID PTFE tubing, an extraction voltage of 250 V, and an extraction time of 10 min, an absolute (mass) extraction recovery of 48% of diclofenac in urine is obtained. The proposed flow through system is proven to efficiently remove the interfering effect of predominantly occurring organic species in human urine on ECD with RSD% less than 8.6%. Workplace Institute of Analytical Chemistry Contact Iveta Drobníková, drobnikova@iach.cz, Tel.: 532 290 234 Year of Publishing 2023 Electronic address https://hdl.handle.net/11104/0335129
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