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Muscle Cell and Tissue : Current Status of Research Field
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SYSNO ASEP 0499708 Document Type M - Monograph Chapter R&D Document Type Monograph Chapter Title The Role of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells in the Physiology and Pathophysiology of Blood Vessels Author(s) Bačáková, Lucie (FGU-C) RID, ORCID
Trávníčková, Martina (FGU-C) RID, ORCID, SAI
Filová, Elena (FGU-C) RID, ORCID
Matějka, Roman (FGU-C) RID, ORCID, SAI
Štěpanovská, Jana (FGU-C) ORCID, RID
Musílková, Jana (FGU-C) RID, ORCID
Zárubová, Jana (FGU-C) RID, ORCID
Molitor, M. (CZ)Source Title Muscle Cell and Tissue : Current Status of Research Field. - London : IntechOpen, 2018 / Sakuma Kunihiro - ISBN 978-1-78984-006-3 Pages s. 229-257 Number of pages 29 s. Number of pages 357 Publication form Online - E Language eng - English Country GB - United Kingdom Keywords blood vessels ; smooth muscle cells ; contractile phenotype ; synthetic phenotype ; phenotypic modulation ; vascular diseases ; atherosclerosis ; hypertension ; developmental pathology Subject RIV EI - Biotechnology ; Bionics OECD category Technologies involving the manipulation of cells, tissues, organs or the whole organism (assisted reproduction) R&D Projects NV15-33018A GA MZd - Ministry of Health (MZ) ED1.1.00/02.0109 GA MŠMT - Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MEYS) Institutional support FGU-C - RVO:67985823 DOI 10.5772/intechopen.77115 Annotation Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) play important roles not only in the physiological functions of the blood vessels, such as vasoconstriction, vasodilatation and extracellular matrix production, but also in the pathogenesis of vascular diseases, particularly atherosclerosis and hypertension. VSMCs are mostly of mesodermal origin, although some are of neuroectodermal origin, for example, VSMCs present in the aorta and in blood vessels arising from the aortic arch. VSMCs of neuroectodermal origin are implicated in defects of cardiovascular morphogenesis, such as bicuspid aortic valve, coarctation of the aorta, patent ductus arteriosus and tetralogy of Fallot. The origin, location in the vascular tree, gender, species, strain and age influence the phenotype of VSMCs and their propensity to migration and growth. In a healthy adult organism, VSMCs have a quiescent and differentiated contractile phenotype characterized by early markers (e.g., SM alpha-actin, SM22-alpha), intermediate markers (h-caldesmon, calponin) and late markers (SM myosins, smoothelin) of VSMC differentiation. However, after blood vessel injury, surgery or explantation in vitro, VSMCs undergo a phenotypic modulation to synthetic phenotype, which endows them with high activity in migration, growth and proteosynthesis. These features can lead to stenosis or to obliteration of the vascular lumen and impaired blood supply to various tissues and organs. Workplace Institute of Physiology Contact Lucie Trajhanová, lucie.trajhanova@fgu.cas.cz, Tel.: 241 062 400 Year of Publishing 2019
Number of the records: 1