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Modern Topics in the Phototrophic Prokaryotes
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SYSNO ASEP 0474394 Document Type M - Monograph Chapter R&D Document Type Monograph Chapter Title Phototrophic Gemmatimonadetes: A New “Purple” Branch on the Bacterial Tree of Life Author(s) Zeng, Y. (DK)
Koblížek, Michal (MBU-M) RID, ORCIDSource Title Modern Topics in the Phototrophic Prokaryotes, Environmental and Applied. - Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2017 / Hallenbeck P.C. - ISBN 978-3-319-46259-2 Pages s. 163-192 Number of pages 30 s. Number of pages 492 Publication form Print - P Language eng - English Country CH - Switzerland Keywords photosynthesis ; strain AP64 ; Gemmatimonadetes bacteria Subject RIV EE - Microbiology, Virology OECD category Microbiology R&D Projects GBP501/12/G055 GA ČR - Czech Science Foundation (CSF) LO1416 GA MŠMT - Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MEYS) Institutional support MBU-M - RVO:61388971 DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-46261-5_5 Annotation Photosynthesis first emerged in prokaryotes over three billion years ago and represents one of the most fundamental biological processes on Earth. So far, species capable of performing (bacterio)chlorophyll-based phototrophy have been reported in seven bacterial phyla, i.e., Cyanobacteria, Proteobacteria, Chlorobi, Chloroflexi, Firmicutes, Acidobacteria, and Gemmatimonadetes. Here we review the discovery, physiology, genomic characteristics, environmental distribution, and possible evolutionary origin of the bacterium Gemmatimonas phototrophica strain AP64, so far the only phototrophic member of the phylum Gemmatimonadetes. This organism was isolated from a freshwater lake in the Gobi Desert, North China in 2011. It contains fully functional type-2 photosynthetic reaction centers, but they seem to only serve as an auxiliary energy source. Its photosynthesis genes are located in a 42.3 kb long photosynthesis gene cluster which appear to originate from an ancient horizontal gene transfer from a purple phototrophic bacterium. A survey of biomarker genes of phototrophic Gemmatimonadetes bacteria (PGB) in public environmental genomics databases suggests that PGB are widely distributed in diverse environments, including air, river waters/sediment, estuarine waters, lake waters, biofilms, plant surfaces, intertidal sediments, soils, springs, and wastewater treatment plants, but none from marine waters or sediment. PGB make up roughly 0.4–11.9 % of whole phototrophic microbial communities in these habitats. The discovery of PGB presents a strong evidence that genes for anoxygenic phototrophy can be transferred between distant bacterial phyla, providing new insights into the evolution of bacterial photosynthesis. Workplace Institute of Microbiology Contact Eliška Spurná, eliska.spurna@biomed.cas.cz, Tel.: 241 062 231 Year of Publishing 2018
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