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Cellulose nanofibers vs. cellulose nanocrystals: a comparative study on their influence on the properties of imidazole-doped proton-conducting nanocomposites
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SYSNO ASEP 0636157 Document Type J - Journal Article R&D Document Type Journal Article Subsidiary J Článek ve WOS Title Cellulose nanofibers vs. cellulose nanocrystals: a comparative study on their influence on the properties of imidazole-doped proton-conducting nanocomposites Author(s) Jankowska, I. (PL)
Bielejewski, M. (PL)
Ławniczak, P. (PL)
Pankiewicz, R. (PL)
Brus, Jiří (UMCH-V) RID, ORCID
Tritt-Goc, J. (PL)Source Title Cellulose. - : Springer - ISSN 0969-0239
Roč. 32, č. 8 (2025), s. 4763-4779Number of pages 17 s. Language eng - English Country DE - Germany Keywords cellulose nanofibers ; cellulose nanocrystals ; polymer-matrix nanocomposites Subject RIV CD - Macromolecular Chemistry OECD category Polymer science Method of publishing Open access Institutional support UMCH-V - RVO:61389013 UT WOS 001489300300001 EID SCOPUS 105005103376 DOI https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-025-06559-y Annotation Nanocellulose-based nanocomposites exhibit properties dependent on nanocellulose morphology, affecting thermal, electrical, and molecular characteristics. The study compares imidazole-doped nanocomposites from cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) and nanocrystals (CNCs). Scanning electron microscopy shows CNFs form entangled networks, while CNCs form compact grains, influencing the imidazole’s interaction within the matrix. CNC-based composites have higher electrical conductivity (0.326 S/m at 150 °C) due to weaker imidazole hydrogen bonds and compact structure, facilitating proton transport. In contrast, CNF-based composites, with a disordered structure and stronger hydrogen bonds between imidazole and polymer matrix, exhibit lower conductivity (0.021 S/m at 140 °C) but enhanced thermal stability, degrading above 220 °C. Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy revealed two imidazole species: slowly and rapidly reorienting and exchanging protons. The activation energy for proton exchange and reorientation of imidazole is lower in the CNC-based composite (0.39 eV) than CNF-based (0.44 eV), indicating weaker hydrogen bonds. The CNF matrix is inhomogeneous, and the imidazole molecules bond in different environments. The wider activation energy distribution in CNF composites supports this conclusion. Heteronuclear correlation (1H-15N HETCOR NMR) spectroscopy identified imidazole bonding to cellulose OH groups and residual water. Proton transport involves imidazole reorientation and exchange via cellulose OH groups and water, contributing to conductivity. Workplace Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry Contact Eva Čechová, cechova@imc.cas.cz ; Tel.: 296 809 358 Year of Publishing 2026 Electronic address https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10570-025-06559-y
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