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ADHD, Lifestyles and Comorbidities: A Call for an Holistic Perspective - from Medical to Societal Intervening Factors.
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SYSNO ASEP 0477898 Document Type J - Journal Article R&D Document Type Journal Article Subsidiary J Článek ve WOS Title ADHD, Lifestyles and Comorbidities: A Call for an Holistic Perspective - from Medical to Societal Intervening Factors. Author(s) Weissenberger, S. (CZ)
Ptáček, R. (CZ)
Klicperová-Baker, Martina (PSU-E) RID, ORCID, SAI
Erman, A. (SI)
Schonova, K. (CZ)
Raboch, J. (CZ)
Goetz, M. (CZ)Article number 454 Source Title Frontiers in Psychology. - : Frontiers Media
Roč. 8, duben (2017), s. 1-13Number of pages 13 s. Publication form Online - E Language eng - English Country CH - Switzerland Keywords ADHD ; childhood ; obesity ; substance abuse ; pollution ; smoking ; alcohol ; lifestyles ; comorbidities Subject RIV AN - Psychology OECD category Psychology (including human - machine relations) R&D Projects GA15-11062S GA ČR - Czech Science Foundation (CSF) Institutional support PSU-E - RVO:68081740 UT WOS 000398539100001 EID SCOPUS 85018326309 DOI 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00454 Annotation The review examines Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD in its Child and Adult form) and its various presentations (Hyperactive Impulsive, Inattentive, and Combined) with a particular focus on environmental (incl. social factors), lifestyles and comorbidities. It is argued that ADHD is best understood in a holistic and interactive context and a vast empirical literature is presented to illustrate the point: Environmental factors include stress in general as well as exposure to toxins (phthalates, bisphenol A). Social factors are illustrated by effects of social deprivation and seduction to unhealthy lifestyles. Maternal lifestyle during pregnancy is pointed out (particularly her exposure to nicotine, alcohol, caffeine, and drugs, even seemingly benign medications like acetaminophen), which all tend to be related to ADHD. Family environment is discussed with respect to protective effect of (mainly authoritative and autocratic) parenting styles. Societal factors include mainly economic and political issues: income inequality and poverty (low SES is an ADHD risk factor) and a growing moral dilemma between a humanistic effort to globally spread the knowledge of ADHD and the medicalization and commercialization of the disorder. The second part of the review is devoted to ADHD related lifestyles and resulting comorbidities (e.g., food addiction and obesity, substance abuse, electronic media dependencies and conduct and personality disorders). Although ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder, its assessment and treatment are also linked to environmental, behavioral and social factors and their interactions. Workplace Institute of Psychology Contact Štěpánka Halamová, Halamova@praha.psu.cas.cz, Tel.: 222 222 096 Year of Publishing 2018
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