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Life History of the Oldest Lentivirus: Characterization of ELVgv Integrations in the Dermopteran Genome
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SYSNO ASEP 0471920 Document Type J - Journal Article R&D Document Type Journal Article Subsidiary J Článek ve WOS Title Life History of the Oldest Lentivirus: Characterization of ELVgv Integrations in the Dermopteran Genome Author(s) Hron, Tomáš (UMG-J)
Farkašová, Helena (UMG-J)
Padhi, A. (US)
Pačes, Jan (UMG-J) RID, ORCID
Elleder, Daniel (UMG-J) RIDNumber of authors 5 Source Title Molecular Biology and Evolution. - : Oxford University Press - ISSN 0737-4038
Roč. 33, č. 10 (2016), s. 2659-2669Number of pages 11 s. Language eng - English Country GB - United Kingdom Keywords endogenous retrovirus ; dermoptera ; TRIM5 Subject RIV EB - Genetics ; Molecular Biology R&D Projects LK11215 GA MŠMT - Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MEYS) Institutional support UMG-J - RVO:68378050 UT WOS 000384205900016 DOI 10.1093/molbev/msw149 Annotation Endogenous retroviruses are genomic elements formed by germline infiltration by originally exogenous viruses. These molecular fossils provide valuable information about the evolution of the retroviral family. Lentiviruses are an extensively studied genus of retroviruses infecting a broad range of mammals. Despite a wealth of information on their modern evolution, little is known about their origins. This is partially due to the scarcity of their endogenous forms. Recently, an endogenous lentivirus, ELVgv, was discovered in the genome of the Malayan colugo (order Dermoptera). This represents the oldest lentiviral evidence available and promises to lead to further insights into the history of this genus. In this study, we analyzed ELVgv integrations at several genomic locations in four distinct colugo specimens covering all the extant dermopteran species. We confirmed ELVgv integrations in all the specimens examined, which implies that the virus originated before the dermopteran diversification. Using a locus-specific dermopteran substitution rate, we estimated that the proviral integrations occurred 21-40 Ma. Using phylogenetic analysis, we estimated that ELVgv invaded an ancestor of today's Dermoptera in an even more distant past. We also provide evidence of selective pressure on the TRIM5 antiviral restriction factor, something usually taken as indirect evidence of past retroviral infections. Interestingly, we show that TRIM5 was under strong positive selection pressure only in the common dermopteran ancestor, where the ELVgv endogenization occurred. Further experiments are required to determine whether ELVgv participated in the TRIM5 selection. Workplace Institute of Molecular Genetics Contact Nikol Škňouřilová, nikol.sknourilova@img.cas.cz, Tel.: 241 063 217 Year of Publishing 2017
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