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Benchmarking by high heat flux testing of W-steel joining technologies
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SYSNO ASEP 0579108 Document Type J - Journal Article R&D Document Type Journal Article Subsidiary J Článek ve WOS Title Benchmarking by high heat flux testing of W-steel joining technologies Author(s) Dorow-Gerspach, D. (DE)
Bram, M. (DE)
Ganesh, V. (DE)
Matějíček, Jiří (UFP-V) RID, ORCID
Pintsuk, G. (DE)
Vilémová, Monika (UFP-V) RID, ORCID
Wirtz, M. (DE)
Linsmeier, Ch. (DE)Number of authors 8 Article number 101508 Source Title Nuclear Materials and Energy. - : Elsevier
Roč. 37, December (2023)Number of pages 5 s. Language eng - English Country NL - Netherlands Keywords Atmospheric plasma spraying ; Ductile interlayer ; Functionally graded material ; High heat flux benchmark test ; Spark plasma sintering ; W/steel joints Subject RIV JG - Metallurgy OECD category Materials engineering Method of publishing Open access Institutional support UFP-V - RVO:61389021 UT WOS 001081513700001 EID SCOPUS 85171330020 DOI 10.1016/j.nme.2023.101508 Annotation For a future commercial fusion reactor, the joining of tungsten and steel will be of vital importance, covering the main part of the plasma facing area. However, the large difference, of more than a factor of 2, in the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of W and steel results in high thermal stresses at their interface. The cyclic nature of the operation can cause fatigue effects and could result in a premature failure of the joint. One possible solution is the insertion of a functionally graded material (FGM), with varying the CTE, as an interlayer between tungsten and steel, which could reduce these stresses. In this study, two processes, atmospheric plasma spraying (APS) and spark plasma sintering (SPS), are utilized to manufacture such FGMs. The gradation was accomplished by using two or three layers with a thickness of 0.5 mm each. Another principle is the insertion of a ductile metal interlayer, which reduces the stress by plastic deformation. Vanadium and titanium foils of varying thickness were chosen, as both have a CTE in between W and steel and V forms a solid solution with W and Fe. These and a direct W-steel joint as baseline reference were made by current-assisted diffusion bonding. All samples consist of 3 mm thick W and steel tiles allowing a direct comparison of the different technologies. An efficient high heat flux benchmark test procedure was developed and performed to investigate and compare the potential of the different joining technologies. For this, the complete stacks were brazed on actively cooled copper cooling modules and tested with high stationary heat loads of up to 5 MW/m2 with 200 cycles at each level in the JUDITH 2 facility. Detailed thermal analysis including comparison with prediction based on FEM simulation are presented to understand the cause of the failure and track the degradation. This study allows to help focusing the further development of W-steel joining technologies. Workplace Institute of Plasma Physics Contact Vladimíra Kebza, kebza@ipp.cas.cz, Tel.: 266 052 975 Year of Publishing 2024 Electronic address https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352179123001473?via%3Dihub
Number of the records: 1