The origins and spread of domestic horses from the Western Eurasian steppes

0547098 - ARÚ 2022 RIV GB eng J - Journal Article
Librado, P. - Khan, N. - Fages, A. - Kusliy, M. A. - Suchan, T. - Tonasso-Calvière, L. - Schiavinato, S. - Alioglu, D. - Fromentier, A. - Perdereau, A. - Aury, J.-M. - Gaunitz, Ch. - Chauvey, L. - Seguin-Orlando, A. - Der Sarkissian, C. - Southon, J. - Shapiro, B. - Tishkin, A. A. - Kovalev, A. A. - Alquraishi, S. - Alfarhan, A. H. - Al-Rasheid, K. A. S. - Seregély, T. - Klassen, L. - Iversen, R. - Bignon-Lau, O. - Bodu, P. - Olive, M. - Castel, J.-Ch. - Boudadi-Maligne, M. - Alvarez, N. - Germonpré, M. - Moskal-del Hoyo, M. - Wilczyński, J. - Pospuła, S. - Lasota-Kuś, A. - Tunia, K. - Nowak, M. - Rannamäe, E. - Saarma, U. - Boeskorov, G. - Lōugas, L. - Kyselý, René - Peške, L. - Bălășescu, A. - Dumitrașcu, V. - Dobrescu, R. - Gerber, D. - Kiss, V. - Szécsényi-Nagy, A. - Mende, B. G. - Gallina, Z. - Somogyi, K. - Kulcsár, G. - Gál, E. - Bendrey, R. - Allentoft, M. E. - Sirbu, G. - Dergachev, V. - Shephard, H. - Tomadini, N. - Grouard, S. - Kasparov, A. - Basilyan, A. E. - Anisimov, M. A. - Nikolskiy, P. A. - Pavlova, E. Y. - Pitulko, V. - Brem, G. - Wallner, B. - Schwall, Ch. - Keller, M. - Kitagawa, K. - Bessudnov, A. N. - Bessudnov, A. - Taylor, W. - Magail, J. - Gantulga, J.-O. - Bayarsaikhan, J. - Erdenebaatar, D. - Tabaldiev, K. - Mijiddorj, E. - Boldgiv, B. - Tsagaan, T. - Pruvost, M. - Olsen, S. - Makarewicz, Ch. A. - Valenzuela Lamas, S. - Albizuri Canadell, S. - Nieto Espinet, A. - Iborra, M. P. - Lira Garrido, J. - Rodríguez González, E. - Celestino, S. - Olària, C. - Arsuaga, J. L. - Kotova, N. - Pryor, A. - Crabtree, P. - Zhumatayev, R. - Toleubaev, A. - Morgunova, N. L. - Kuznetsova, T. - Lordkipanize, D. - Marzullo, M. - Prato, O. - Bagnasco Gianni, G. - Tecchiati, U. - Clavel, B. - Lepetz, S. - Davoudi, H. - Mashkour, M. - Berezina, N. Y. - Stockhammer, P. W. - Krause, J. - Haak, W. - Morales-Muñiz, A. - Benecke, N. - Hofreiter, M. - Ludwig, A. - Graphodatsky, A. S. - Peters, J. - Kiryushin, K. Y. - Iderkhangai, T.-O. - Bokovenko, N. A. - Vasiliev, S. K. - Seregin, N. N. - Chugunov, K. V. - Plasteeva, N. A. - Baryshnikov, G. F. - Petrova, E. - Sablin, M. - Ananyevskaya, E. - Logvin, A. - Shevnina, I. - Logvin, V. - Kalieva, S. - Loman, V. - Kukushkin, I. - Merz, I. - Merz, V. - Sakenov, S. - Varfolomeyev, V. - Usmanova, E. - Zaibert, V. - Arbuckle, B. - Belinskiy, A. B. - Kalmykov, A. - Reinhold, S. - Hansen, S. - Yudin, A. I. - Vybornov, A. A. - Epimakhov, A. - Berezina, N. S. - Roslyakova, N. - Kosintsev, P. A. - Kuznetsov, P. F. - Anthony, D. - Kroonen, G. J. - Kristiansen, K. - Wincker, P. - Outram, A. - Orlando, L.
The origins and spread of domestic horses from the Western Eurasian steppes.
Nature. Roč. 598, č. 7882 (2021), s. 634-640. ISSN 0028-0836. E-ISSN 1476-4687
Institutional support: RVO:67985912
Keywords : horse * Equus * domestication * tarpan * Yamnaya culture * Indo-Europeans
OECD category: Archaeology
Impact factor: 69.504, year: 2021
Method of publishing: Open access
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-04018-9.pdf

Domestication of horses fundamentally transformed long-range mobility and warfare. However, modern domesticated breeds do not descend from the earliest domestic horse lineage associated with archaeological evidence of bridling, milking and corralling at Botai, Central Asia around 3500 BC. Other longstanding candidate regions for horse domestication, such as Iberia and Anatolia, have also recently been challenged. Thus, the genetic, geographic and temporal origins of modern domestic horses have remained unknown. Here we pinpoint the Western Eurasian steppes, especially the lower Volga-Don region, as the homeland of modern domestic horses. Furthermore, we map the population changes accompanying domestication from 273 ancient horse genomes. This reveals that modern domestic horses ultimately replaced almost all other local populations as they expanded rapidly across Eurasia from about 2000 BC, synchronously with equestrian material culture, including Sintashta spoke-wheeled chariots. We find that equestrianism involved strong selection for critical locomotor and behavioural adaptations at the GSDMC and ZFPM1 genes. Our results reject the commonly held association between horseback riding and the massive expansion of Yamnaya steppe pastoralists into Europe around 3000 BC driving the spread of Indo-European languages. This contrasts with the scenario in Asia where Indo-Iranian languages, chariots and horses spread together, following the early second millennium BC Sintashta culture.
Permanent Link: http://hdl.handle.net/11104/0323681


Research data: European Nucleotide Archive