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Towards a New Research Era. A Global Comparison of Research Distortions
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SYSNO ASEP 0572004 Document Type M - Monograph Chapter R&D Document Type Monograph Chapter Title The Relevance of Humanities in Masaryk’s System of Sciences Author(s) Svoboda, Jan (FLU-F) RID, SAI, ORCID Source Title Towards a New Research Era. A Global Comparison of Research Distortions. - Leiden : Brill, 2023 / Hrubec M. ; Višňovský E. - ISBN 978-90-04-54493-2 Pages s. 156-170 Number of pages 15 s. Number of pages 256 Publication form Print - P Language eng - English Country NL - Netherlands Keywords T. G. Masaryk ; classification of sciences ; humanities ; scientific metaphysics ; ethics ; David Hume ; Auguste Comte ; John Stuart Mill ; Franz Brentano Subject RIV AA - Philosophy ; Religion OECD category Philosophy, History and Philosophy of science and technology Institutional support FLU-F - RVO:67985955 DOI 10.1163/9789004546035_012 Annotation This contribution is dedicated to the intellectual legacy of Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk, the first Czechoslovak president. It focuses on a system of sciences Masaryk developed in the 1880s. Within this classification, humanities occupy a special position. It is also in this area, specifically in psychology and sociology, that he feels best qualified to offer a theoretical foundation. Masaryk views psychology along the lines outlined by John Stuart Mill and his own Viennese teacher, Franz Brentano, as an autonomous science that deals with a specific type of phenomena. As the starting point of Masaryk’s system of sciences, psychology has an integral metaphysical dimension, which affects Masaryk’s concept of ethics and ultimately also of religion. In particular, Masaryk incorporates ethics into a broader framework of psychological subjects. The most essential task of sociology is then to support ethics against the background of a narrowly conceived dynamics of social practice into which any person, being a zoon politicon, is inherently integrated. Humanities, that is, sciences about humans and their morally conducted social lives, cannot be reduced to, or even quantitatively compared with, mathematics or sciences that deal with living or non-living nature. Although humanities do use objective findings of the exact sciences where necessary, their focus, given by these sciences’ specific nature, is on phenomena sui generis. According to Masaryk, the main importance of humanities is ultimately, in their practical consequences, value-oriented, ethical, and when assessing and evaluating humanities, one cannot disregard this aspect of their nature or quantitatively neutralise it. Workplace Institute of Philosophy Contact Chlumská Simona, chlumska@flu.cas.cz ; Tichá Zuzana, asep@flu.cas.cz Tel: 221 183 360 Year of Publishing 2024 Electronic address https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004546035_012
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