Advances in Health and Disease

0492187 - BC 2019 RIV US eng M - Monography Chapter
Bednářová, Andrea - Kodrík, Dalibor - Chaudhuri, A. - Krishnan, N.
Neuroendocrine regulation of homeostasis in Insects: Implications for metabolic disorders in humans.
Advances in Health and Disease. Vol. 3. New York: Nova Science Publishers, Inc, 2018 - (Duncan, L.), s. 1-45. ISBN 978-1-53613-020-1
R&D Projects: GA ČR GA14-07172S
Institutional support: RVO:60077344
Keywords : adipokinetic hormone * insulin-like peptides * dopamine
OECD category: Biochemistry and molecular biology

Energy homeostasis is a fundamental requirement in an organism’s adaptive response to stress. In insects, the behavioral and physiological responses to diverse stressors are coordinated by the actions of various neurotransmitters and (neuro)hormones. Though the root cause of the mechanisms responsible for efficient energy homeostasis may remain contested, the central role of the brain in regulating energy balance remains undisputed. It could be argued that the emergence and evolution of the central nervous system is to promote the most effective means of dealing with energy homeostasis. Thus, the perception of stress leads to changes in the secretion profile of specific transmitters/hormones which essentially facilitate the modulation of physiology and behavior. Further, insulin-like peptides and adipokinetic hormones are neuropeptides that have similar roles as mammalian insulin and glucagon, respectively. Dysfunctions in energy homeostasis mechanisms result in metabolic disorders such as obesity and diabetes in humans which represent a major public health challenge around the world. We explore the links between stress tolerance, metabolism, and energy balance using insects as model systems and demonstrate how in recent years, we have learned mostly from physiological responses in insects that many parallels exist between invertebrate and mammalian homeostasis. An increased understanding of neural circuits underlying control of energy homeostasis is key for development of novel therapies in treatment of obesity and associated co-morbidities, including diabetes.
Permanent Link: http://hdl.handle.net/11104/0292222