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Braided motivations for Iceland's first wave of mass emigration to North America after the 1875 Askja eruption
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SYSNO ASEP 0584918 Document Type J - Journal Article R&D Document Type Journal Article Subsidiary J Článek ve WOS Title Braided motivations for Iceland's first wave of mass emigration to North America after the 1875 Askja eruption Author(s) Büntgen, Ulf (UEK-B) RID, ORCID, SAI
Eggertsson, O. (IS)
Oppenheimer, C. (GB)Article number 48 Source Title Regional Environmental Change. - : Springer - ISSN 1436-3798
Roč. 24, č. 2 (2024)Number of pages 14 s. Language eng - English Country DE - Germany Keywords ice-age ; climate variability ; volcano ; perspective ; tephra ; phase ; flow ; Climate variability ; Historical climatology ; Human migration ; Iceland ; Interdisciplinary research ; Volcanism Subject RIV DG - Athmosphere Sciences, Meteorology OECD category Climatic research Method of publishing Open access Institutional support UEK-B - RVO:86652079 UT WOS 001187602400002 EID SCOPUS 85188059963 DOI 10.1007/s10113-024-02215-6 Annotation More than 14,000 Icelanders emigrated to North America between 1870 and 1914 CE. Mass movement from Iceland accelerated the year after the explosive eruption of Askja in 1875, and both contemporary and recent commentators have linked the two circumstances. Despite an abundant scholarship on Icelandic emigration in this period, the direct and indirect roles of the eruption as a possible stimulus remain unclear. Here, we engage critically with a range of contemporary source materials as well as meteorological and climatological information to re-assess where Askja fits into the picture of Iceland's first wave of mass migration. We find that emigration was undoubtedly fuelled by the hardships of Icelanders and their growing contacts with countrymen already in the Americas, and that the highest proportions of emigrants came from counties most directly impacted by the Askja eruption. However, it also emerges that the eruption served as a lever for interested parties in Britain and Canada to persuade large numbers of desirable migrants to settle in North America. Our study highlights the opportunities that discrete episodes of volcanic activity present to probe the complex interrelationships of nature and society. Workplace Global Change Research Institute Contact Nikola Šviková, svikova.n@czechglobe.cz, Tel.: 511 192 268 Year of Publishing 2025 Electronic address https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10113-024-02215-6
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