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The effect of natural disturbances on forest biodiversity: an ecological synthesis
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SYSNO ASEP 0560858 Document Type J - Journal Article R&D Document Type Journal Article Subsidiary J Článek ve WOS Title The effect of natural disturbances on forest biodiversity: an ecological synthesis Author(s) Viljur, M.-L. (DE)
Abella, S. R. (US)
Adámek, Martin (BU-J) ORCID
Alencar, J. B. R. (BR)
Barber, N. A. (US)
Beudert, B. (DE)
Burkle, L. A. (US)
Cagnolo, L. (AR)
Campos, B. R. (US)
Chao, A. (TW)
Chergui, B. (MA)
Choi, C.-Y. (KR)
Cleary, D. F. R. (PT)
Davis, T. S. (US)
Dechnik-Vázquez, Y. A. (MX)
Downing, W. M. (US)
Fuentes-Ramirez, A. (CL)
Gandhi, K. J. K. (US)
Gehring, K. (US)
Georgiev, K. B. (DE)
Gimbutas, M. (EE)
Gongalsky, K.B. (RU)
Gorbunova, A. Y. (RU)
Greenberg, C. H. (US)
Hylander, K. (SE)
Jules, E. S. (US)
Korobushkin, D.I. (RU)
Köster, K. (FI)
Kurth, V. (US)
Lanham, J. D. (US)
Lazarina, M. (GR)
Leverkus, A. B. (ES)
Lindenmayer, D. (AU)
Marra, D. M. (DE)
Martín-Pinto, P. (ES)
Meave, J. A. (MX)
Moretti, M. (CH)
Nam, H.-Y. (KR)
Obrist, M. K. (CH)
Petanidou, T. (GR)
Pons, P. (ES)
Potts, S. G. (GB)
Rapoport, I. B. (RU)
Rhoades, P. R. (US)
Richter, C. (US)
Saifutdinov, R. A. (RU)
Sanders, N. J. (US)
Santos, X. (PT)
Steel, Z. (US)
Tavella, J. (AR)
Wendenburg, C. (ES)
Wermelinger, B. (CH)
Zaitsev, A.S. (RU)
Thorn, Simon (BC-A)Source Title Biological Reviews. - : Wiley - ISSN 1464-7931
Roč. 97, č. 5 (2022), s. 1930-1947Number of pages 18 s. Language eng - English Country GB - United Kingdom Keywords natural disturbance ; diversity-disturbance relationship ; disturbance severity ; disturbance extent ; intermediate disturbance hypothesis ; forest communities ; alpha-diversity, beta-diversity Subject RIV EH - Ecology, Behaviour OECD category Ecology R&D Projects LTC20058 GA MŠMT - Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MEYS) Method of publishing Open access Institutional support BU-J - RVO:67985939 ; BC-A - RVO:60077344 UT WOS 000822209900001 EID SCOPUS 85133600300 DOI 10.1111/brv.12876 Annotation Disturbances alter biodiversity via their specific characteristics, including severity and extent in the landscape, which act at different temporal and spatial scales. Biodiversity response to disturbance also depends on the community characteristics and habitat requirements of species. Untangling the mechanistic interplay of these factors has guided disturbance ecology for decades, generating mixed scientific evidence of biodiversity responses to disturbance. Understanding the impact of natural disturbances on biodiversity is increasingly important due to human-induced changes in natural disturbance regimes. In many areas, major natural forest disturbances, such as wildfires, windstorms, and insect outbreaks, are becoming more frequent, intense, severe, and widespread due to climate change and land-use change. Conversely, the suppression of natural disturbances threatens disturbance-dependent biota. Using a meta-analytic approach, we analysed a global data set (with most sampling concentrated in temperate and boreal secondary forests) of species assemblages of 26 taxonomic groups, including plants, animals, and fungi collected from forests affected by wildfires, windstorms, and insect outbreaks. The overall effect of natural disturbances on alpha-diversity did not differ significantly from zero, but some taxonomic groups responded positively to disturbance, while others tended to respond negatively. Disturbance was beneficial for taxonomic groups preferring conditions associated with open canopies (e.g. hymenopterans and hoverflies), whereas ground-dwelling groups and/or groups typically associated with shady conditions (e.g. epigeic lichens and mycorrhizal fungi) were more likely to be negatively impacted by disturbance. Across all taxonomic groups, the highest alpha-diversity in disturbed forest patches occurred under moderate disturbance severity, i.e. with approximately 55% of trees killed by disturbance. We further extended our meta-analysis by applying a unified diversity concept based on Hill numbers to estimate alpha-diversity changes in different taxonomic groups across a gradient of disturbance severity measured at the stand scale and incorporating other disturbance features. We found that disturbance severity negatively affected diversity for Hill number q = 0 but not for q = 1 and q = 2, indicating that diversity-disturbance relationships are shaped by species relative abundances. Our synthesis of alpha-diversity was extended by a synthesis of disturbance-induced change in species assemblages, and revealed that disturbance changes the beta-diversity of multiple taxonomic groups, including some groups that were not affected at the alpha-diversity level (birds and woody plants). Finally, we used mixed rarefaction/extrapolation to estimate biodiversity change as a function of the proportion of forests that were disturbed, i.e. the disturbance extent measured at the landscape scale. The comparison of intact and naturally disturbed forests revealed that both types of forests provide habitat for unique species assemblages, whereas species diversity in the mixture of disturbed and undisturbed forests peaked at intermediate values of disturbance extent in the simulated landscape.
Hence, the relationship between alpha-diversity and disturbance severity in disturbed forest stands was strikingly similar to the relationship between species richness and disturbance extent in a landscape consisting of both disturbed and undisturbed forest habitats. This result suggests that both moderate disturbance severity and moderate disturbance extent support the highest levels of biodiversity in contemporary forest landscapes.Workplace Institute of Botany Contact Martina Bartošová, martina.bartosova@ibot.cas.cz, ibot@ibot.cas.cz, Tel.: 271 015 242 ; Marie Jakšová, marie.jaksova@ibot.cas.cz, Tel.: 384 721 156-8 Year of Publishing 2023 Electronic address https://doi.org/10.1111/brv.12876
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