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Revealing the true morphological structure of macroporous soft hydrogels for tissue engineering
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SYSNO ASEP 0533170 Document Type J - Journal Article R&D Document Type Journal Article Subsidiary J Článek ve WOS Title Revealing the true morphological structure of macroporous soft hydrogels for tissue engineering Author(s) Podhorská, Bohumila (UMCH-V) ORCID
Vetrík, Miroslav (UMCH-V) RID, ORCID
Chylíková Krumbholcová, Eva (UMCH-V) RID
Kománková, Lucie (UMCH-V) RID, ORCID
Rashedi Banafshehvaragh, Niloufar (UMCH-V)
Šlouf, Miroslav (UMCH-V) RID, ORCID
Dušková-Smrčková, Miroslava (UMCH-V) RID
Janoušková, Olga (UMCH-V) RID, SAI, ORCIDArticle number 6672 Source Title Applied Sciences-Basel. - : MDPI
Roč. 10, č. 19 (2020), s. 1-17Number of pages 17 s. Language eng - English Country CH - Switzerland Keywords hydrogel scaffolds ; laser scanning confocal microscopy ; scanning electron microscopy Subject RIV CD - Macromolecular Chemistry OECD category Polymer science R&D Projects GA17-11140S GA ČR - Czech Science Foundation (CSF) GA17-08531S GA ČR - Czech Science Foundation (CSF) Method of publishing Open access Institutional support UMCH-V - RVO:61389013 UT WOS 000586763400001 EID SCOPUS 85092456125 DOI 10.3390/app10196672 Annotation Macroporous hydrogel scaffolds based on poly [N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide] are one of the widely studied biocompatible materials for tissue reparation and regeneration. This study investigated the morphological changes during hydrogel characterization which can significantly influence their future application. Three types of macroporous soft hydrogels differing in pore size were prepared. The macroporosity was achieved by the addition of sacrificial template particles of sodium chloride of various sizes (0–30, 30–50, and 50–90 µm) to the polymerizing mixture. The 3D structure of the hydrogels was then investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM). The SEM was performed with specimens rapidly frozen to various temperatures, while non-frozen gels were visualized with LSCM. In comparison to LSCM, the SEM images revealed a significant alteration in the mean pore size and appearance of newly formed multiple connections between the pores, depending on the freezing conditions. Additionally, after freezing for SEM, the gel matrix between the pores and the fine pores collapsed. LSCM visualization aided the understanding of the dynamics of pore generation using sodium chloride, providing the direct observation of hydrogel scaffolds with the growing cells. Moreover, the reconstructed confocal z-stacks were a promising tool to quantify the swollen hydrogel volume reconstruction which is not possible with SEM. Workplace Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry Contact Eva Čechová, cechova@imc.cas.cz ; Tel.: 296 809 358 Year of Publishing 2021 Electronic address https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/10/19/6672
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