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Comparison of PM2.5 Chemical Composition and Sources at a Rural Background Site in Central Europe between 1993/1994/1995 and 2009/2010: Effect of Legislative Regulations and Economic Transformation on the Air Quality.
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SYSNO ASEP 0491067 Document Type J - Journal Article R&D Document Type Journal Article Subsidiary J Článek ve WOS Title Comparison of PM2.5 Chemical Composition and Sources at a Rural Background Site in Central Europe between 1993/1994/1995 and 2009/2010: Effect of Legislative Regulations and Economic Transformation on the Air Quality. Author(s) Pokorná, Petra (UCHP-M) ORCID, RID, SAI
Schwarz, Jaroslav (UCHP-M) RID, ORCID, SAI
Krejčí, R. (SE)
Swietlicki, E. (SE)
Havránek, Vladimír (UJF-V) RID, SAI, ORCID
Ždímal, Vladimír (UCHP-M) RID, ORCID, SAISource Title Environmental Pollution. - : Elsevier - ISSN 0269-7491
Roč. 241, OCT (2018), s. 841-851Number of pages 11 s. Language eng - English Country GB - United Kingdom Keywords atmospheric aerosol ; trace elements ; ions Subject RIV DG - Athmosphere Sciences, Meteorology OECD category Meteorology and atmospheric sciences Subject RIV - cooperation Nuclear Physics Institute - Nuclear, Atomic and Molecular Physics, Colliders R&D Projects GA205/09/2055 GA ČR - Czech Science Foundation (CSF) EF16_013/0001315 GA MŠMT - Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MEYS) Institutional support UCHP-M - RVO:67985858 ; UJF-V - RVO:61389005 UT WOS 000440390800088 EID SCOPUS 85048401473 DOI 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.06.015 Annotation From December 1993 to January 1995 and from October 2009 to October 2010, a total of 320 and 365 daily samples of the PM2.5 were collected at a rural background site (National Atmospheric Observatory Košetice) in Central Europe. The PM2.5 samples were analyzed for 29 and 26 elements respectively by Particle-Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) and water-soluble inorganic ions by Ion Chromatography (IC) in 2009/2010. The Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) was applied to the chemical composition of PM2.5 to determine its sources. The decreasing trends of almost all elements concentrations, especially the metals regulated by the EU Directive (2004/107/EC) are evident. The annual median ratios indicate a decrease in concentrations of the PM2.5 elements. The slight increase of K concentrations and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient rs 0.09 K/Se points to a rise in residential wood combustion. The S concentrations are nearly comparable (higher mean in 2009/2010, while the annual median ratio is under 1). The five major source types in the mid-1990s were ascribed to brown coal combustion, oil combustion, sea salt and dust – long-range transport, re-suspended dust and black coal combustion. The industrial combustion of brown and/or black coal (rs 0.75 Se/As, rs 0.57 Ga/Ge and rs 0.20 As/Zn) and oil (rs 0.72 V/Ni) of the regional origin dominated. In the 1990s, the potential source regions were the border area of Czech Republic, German and Poland (brown coal), the Moravia-Silesia region at the Czech-Polish border (black coal), and Slovakia, Austria, Hungary, and the Balkans (oil). In 2009/2010, the apportioned sources were sulfate, residential heating, nitrate, industry, re-suspended dust, and sea salt and dust – long-range transport. The secondary sulfate from coal combustion and residential biomass burning (rs 0.96, K/K+) of local origin dominated. The declining trend of the elemental concentrations and change in the source pattern of the regional background PM2.5 in Central Europe between the mid-1990s and 2009/10 reflects the economic transformation and impact of stricter legislation in Central Europe. Workplace Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals Contact Eva Jirsová, jirsova@icpf.cas.cz, Tel.: 220 390 227 Year of Publishing 2019
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