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Comparison of PM2.5 Chemical Composition and Sources at a Rural Background Site in Central Europe between 1993/1994/1995 and 2009/2010: Effect of Legislative Regulations and Economic Transformation on the Air Quality.

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    SYSNO ASEP0491067
    Document TypeJ - Journal Article
    R&D Document TypeJournal Article
    Subsidiary JČlánek ve WOS
    TitleComparison of PM2.5 Chemical Composition and Sources at a Rural Background Site in Central Europe between 1993/1994/1995 and 2009/2010: Effect of Legislative Regulations and Economic Transformation on the Air Quality.
    Author(s) Pokorná, Petra (UCHP-M) ORCID, RID, SAI
    Schwarz, Jaroslav (UCHP-M) RID, ORCID, SAI
    Krejčí, R. (SE)
    Swietlicki, E. (SE)
    Havránek, Vladimír (UJF-V) RID, SAI, ORCID
    Ždímal, Vladimír (UCHP-M) RID, ORCID, SAI
    Source TitleEnvironmental Pollution. - : Elsevier - ISSN 0269-7491
    Roč. 241, OCT (2018), s. 841-851
    Number of pages11 s.
    Languageeng - English
    CountryGB - United Kingdom
    Keywordsatmospheric aerosol ; trace elements ; ions
    Subject RIVDG - Athmosphere Sciences, Meteorology
    OECD categoryMeteorology and atmospheric sciences
    Subject RIV - cooperationNuclear Physics Institute - Nuclear, Atomic and Molecular Physics, Colliders
    R&D ProjectsGA205/09/2055 GA ČR - Czech Science Foundation (CSF)
    EF16_013/0001315 GA MŠMT - Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MEYS)
    Institutional supportUCHP-M - RVO:67985858 ; UJF-V - RVO:61389005
    UT WOS000440390800088
    EID SCOPUS85048401473
    DOI10.1016/j.envpol.2018.06.015
    AnnotationFrom December 1993 to January 1995 and from October 2009 to October 2010, a total of 320 and 365 daily samples of the PM2.5 were collected at a rural background site (National Atmospheric Observatory Košetice) in Central Europe. The PM2.5 samples were analyzed for 29 and 26 elements respectively by Particle-Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) and water-soluble inorganic ions by Ion Chromatography (IC) in 2009/2010. The Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) was applied to the chemical composition of PM2.5 to determine its sources. The decreasing trends of almost all elements concentrations, especially the metals regulated by the EU Directive (2004/107/EC) are evident. The annual median ratios indicate a decrease in concentrations of the PM2.5 elements. The slight increase of K concentrations and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient rs 0.09 K/Se points to a rise in residential wood combustion. The S concentrations are nearly comparable (higher mean in 2009/2010, while the annual median ratio is under 1). The five major source types in the mid-1990s were ascribed to brown coal combustion, oil combustion, sea salt and dust – long-range transport, re-suspended dust and black coal combustion. The industrial combustion of brown and/or black coal (rs 0.75 Se/As, rs 0.57 Ga/Ge and rs 0.20 As/Zn) and oil (rs 0.72 V/Ni) of the regional origin dominated. In the 1990s, the potential source regions were the border area of Czech Republic, German and Poland (brown coal), the Moravia-Silesia region at the Czech-Polish border (black coal), and Slovakia, Austria, Hungary, and the Balkans (oil). In 2009/2010, the apportioned sources were sulfate, residential heating, nitrate, industry, re-suspended dust, and sea salt and dust – long-range transport. The secondary sulfate from coal combustion and residential biomass burning (rs 0.96, K/K+) of local origin dominated. The declining trend of the elemental concentrations and change in the source pattern of the regional background PM2.5 in Central Europe between the mid-1990s and 2009/10 reflects the economic transformation and impact of stricter legislation in Central Europe.
    WorkplaceInstitute of Chemical Process Fundamentals
    ContactEva Jirsová, jirsova@icpf.cas.cz, Tel.: 220 390 227
    Year of Publishing2019
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