Omega-3 phospholipids and obesity-associated NAFLD: Potential mechanisms and therapeutic perspectives

0555820 - FGÚ 2023 RIV US eng J - Journal Article
Mitrović, Marko - Sistilli, Gabriella - Horáková, Olga - Rossmeisl, Martin
Omega-3 phospholipids and obesity-associated NAFLD: Potential mechanisms and therapeutic perspectives.
European Journal of Clinical Investigation. Roč. 52, č. 3 (2022), č. článku e13650. ISSN 0014-2972. E-ISSN 1365-2362
R&D Projects: GA ČR(CZ) GA17-11027S
EU Projects: European Commission(XE) 722619 - Foie Gras
Institutional support: RVO:67985823
Keywords : krill oil * marine phospholipids * n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids * non-alcoholic fatty liver disease * obesity
OECD category: Endocrinology and metabolism (including diabetes, hormones)
Impact factor: 5.5, year: 2022
Method of publishing: Limited access
https://doi.org/10.1111/eci.13650

Prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) increases in line with obesity and type 2 diabetes, and there is no approved drug therapy. Polyunsaturated fatty acids of n-3 series (omega-3) are known for their hypolipidaemic and anti-inflammatory effects. Existing clinical trials suggest varying effectiveness of triacylglycerol- or ethyl ester-bound omega-3 in the treatment of NAFLD, without affecting advanced stages such as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Preclinical studies suggest that the lipid class used to supplement omega-3 may determine the extent and nature of their effects on metabolism. Phospholipids of marine origin represent an alternative source of omega-3. The aim of this review is to summarise the available evidence on the use of omega-3 phospholipids, primarily in obesity-related NAFLD, and to outline perspectives of their use in the prevention/treatment of NAFLD. A PubMed literature search was conducted in May 2021. In total, 1088 articles were identified, but based on selection criteria, 38 original papers were included in the review. Selected articles describing the potential mechanisms of action of omega-3 phospholipids have also been included. Preclinical evidence clearly indicates that omega-3 phospholipids have strong antisteatotic effects in the liver, which are stronger compared to omega-3 administered as triacylglycerols. Multiple mechanisms are likely involved in the overall antisteatotic effects, involving not only the liver but also adipose tissue and the gut. Robust preclinical evidence for strong antisteatotic effects of omega-3 phospholipids in the liver should be confirmed in clinical trials. Further research is needed on the possible effects of omega-3 phospholipids on advanced NAFLD.
Permanent Link: http://hdl.handle.net/11104/0330273