Nonequilibrium Processes in the Solar Corona, Transition Region, Flares, and Solar Wind (Invited Review)

0482498 - ASÚ 2018 RIV NL eng J - Journal Article
Dudík, Jaroslav - Dzifčáková, Elena - Meyer-Vernet, N. - Del Zanna, G. - Young, P. R. - Giunta, A. - Sylwester, B. - Sylwester, J. - Oka, M. - Mason, H. E. - Vocks, C. - Matteini, L. - Krucker, S. - Williams, D.R. - Mackovjak, Š.
Nonequilibrium Processes in the Solar Corona, Transition Region, Flares, and Solar Wind (Invited Review).
Solar Physics. Roč. 292, č. 8 (2017), 100/1-100/72. ISSN 0038-0938. E-ISSN 1573-093X
R&D Projects: GA ČR(CZ) GA17-16447S
Institutional support: RVO:67985815
Keywords : energetic particles * electrons * flares
OECD category: Astronomy (including astrophysics,space science)
Impact factor: 2.580, year: 2017

We review the presence and signatures of the non-equilibrium processes, both non-Maxwellian distributions and non-equilibrium ionization, in the solar transition region, corona, solar wind, and flares. Basic properties of the non-Maxwellian distributions are described together with their influence on the heat flux as well as on the rates of individual collisional processes and the resulting optically thin synthetic spectra. Constraints on the presence of high-energy electrons from observations are reviewed, including positive detection of non-Maxwellian distributions in the solar corona, transition region, flares, and wind. Occurrence of non-equilibrium ionization is reviewed as well, especially in connection to hydrodynamic and generalized collisional-radiative modeling. Predicted spectroscopic signatures of non-equilibrium ionization depending on the assumed plasma conditions are summarized. Finally, we discuss the future remote-sensing instrumentation that can be used for the detection of these non-equilibrium phenomena in various spectral ranges.
Permanent Link: http://hdl.handle.net/11104/0277934