Terpenoids and Squalene: Biosynthesis, Functions and Health Implications

0447783 - ÚEB 2016 RIV US eng M - Monography Chapter
Urban, M. - Kvasnica, Miroslav - Dickinson, N.J. - Sarek, J.
BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE TRITERPENOIDS USABLE AS PRODRUGS.
Terpenoids and Squalene: Biosynthesis, Functions and Health Implications. Hauppauge NY: Nova Science Pub. Inc, 2015, s. 25-49. ISBN 978-1-63463-656-8
R&D Projects: GA MŠMT(CZ) LO1204; GA MŠMT(CZ) LO1304
Institutional support: RVO:61389030
Keywords : triterpenoids * therapeutics * biological activity
Subject RIV: EB - Genetics ; Molecular Biology
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Trilerpenoids are a large group of natural compounds, many of which have interesting biological activities. Despite this, onl y a few derivatives are currently used as therapeutics. The main reason is that the active triterpenes usually have unfavorable pharmacological and physicochemical properties sllch as solubility and bioavai labilily. Therefore, many compounds with excellent act ivity in ill vitro tests usually fail during clinical trial. Many research groups have tried to synthesize a variety of prodrugs in order to improve pharmacological properties of the acti ve compound wh ile retaining the desired biological aCLivi ty. The most commonl y chosen functional groups in trilcrpencs to be modified as prod rugs are hydroxyl and carboxyl. In thi s chapter, wc are going to summarize all of the research that has been done in the area of tritcrpenoid prodrugs with the main focus on the modifications of hydroxyls and carboxyls. Commonly used types of prodrug groups (such as simple alkyl esters, other esters. elhers, ami des etc.) will be shown as well as unusual prod rugs with more interesting biological and pharmacological properties (glycosides, hemi esters etc.). Their preparation will be shown as well as their chemical, biological, and pharmacological properti es. In addition to thi s, we will compare each type of prodrug with the other prod rug types and wi ll discuss their limits of use. Fai lures will be shown as well as success ful compounds. In concluding, we will show prodrugs with the best properties as well as the current trends in the development of the new lriterpenoid prodrugs includ ing the most recent results from our research group.
Permanent Link: http://hdl.handle.net/11104/0249530