An arms race between cell and retrovirus at the level of entry receptors

0580800 - ÚMG 2024 RIV IT eng A - Abstract
Gáliková, Eliška - Matoušková, Magda - Přikryl, David - Koslová, Anna - Plachý, Jiří - Reinišová, Markéta - Kučerová, Dana - Elleder, Daniel - Hejnar, Jiří
An arms race between cell and retrovirus at the level of entry receptors.
. Č. 1 (2023), č. článku T27.[International Workshop on Retroviral Pathogenesis /33rd/. 04.12.2023-07.12.2023, Trento]
R&D Projects: GA MŠMT(CZ) LX22NPO5103
Institutional support: RVO:68378050
Keywords : Avian leukosis virus (ALV) * virus-host arms race * virus adaptation * gene editing
OECD category: Biochemistry and molecular biology

Avian leukosis virus (AL V) is a closely related complex of virus strains diversified through the virus-host coevolution (virus-host arms race) into several subgroups, each of which recognizes different cell surface receptor. AL V evolved by rapid changes (either mutation or recombination) in the sequence of envelope (Env) protein, which is accompanied by virus adaptation to a new receptor, broadening the host range, and heterotransmission. On the host cell side, we observe substitutions, deletions or frameshift mutations in genes for entry receptors, which reduce or even abolish susceptibility to AL V and maintain a new round of virus adaptation. Technologies of gene editing, nowadays especially the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR), have potential to simulate these processes and help in artificial creation of resistant chicken, the natural host of ALV. Receptor alleles bearing simple substitutions of critical amino-acids at the virus binding domains (e.g., the recently prepared resistance to ALV-J subgroup) usually do not interfere with physiological functions of receptors (ion exchangers, solute carriers, amino-acid transporters etc.). At the same time, such resistant alleles are good material for studying the Env mutations of the virus adapted to the new versions of receptors. In this contribution, the latest findings on the ALV subgroup diversification will be presented together with the simplified system of virus adaptation to an altered host cell entry receptor. This approach not only advances our understanding of virus-host coevolution, but is also instructive for the recent efforts to biotechnologically derive pathogen-resistant livestock.
Permanent Link: https://hdl.handle.net/11104/0349572