Synergistic effect of p-type and n-type dopants in semiconductors for efficient electrocatalytic water splitting

0564983 - ÚFCH JH 2023 RIV GB eng J - Journal Article
Kutlusoy, T. - Divanis, S. - Pittkowski, Rebecca - Marina, R. - Frandsen, A. M. - Minhová Macounová, Kateřina - Nebel, Roman - Zhao, D. - Mertens, Stijn F. L. - Hoster, H. - Krtil, Petr - Rossmeisl, J.
Synergistic effect of p-type and n-type dopants in semiconductors for efficient electrocatalytic water splitting.
Chemical Science. Roč. 13, č. 46 (2022), s. 13879-13892. ISSN 2041-6520. E-ISSN 2041-6539
R&D Projects: GA ČR(CZ) GA21-03037S
Institutional support: RVO:61388955
Keywords : photocatalysis * electrocatalysis * density functional theory
OECD category: Physical chemistry
Impact factor: 8.4, year: 2022
Method of publishing: Open access

The main challenge for acidic water electrolysis is the lack of active and stable oxygen evolution catalysts based on abundant materials, which are globally scalable. Iridium oxide is the only material which is active and stable. However, Ir is extremely rare. While both active materials and stable materials exist, those that are active are usually not stable and vice versa. In this work, we present a new design strategy for activating stable materials originally deemed unsuitable due to a semiconducting nature and wide band gap energy. These stable semiconductors cannot change oxidation state under the relevant reaction conditions. Based on DFT calculations, we find that adding an n-type dopant facilitates oxygen binding on semiconductor surfaces. The binding is, however, strong and prevents further binding or desorption of oxygen. By combining both n-type and p-type dopants, the reactivity can be tuned so that oxygen can be adsorbed and desorbed under reaction conditions. The tuning results from the electrostatic interactions between the dopants as well as between the dopants and the binding site. This concept is experimentally verified on TiO2 by co-substituting with different pairs of n- and p-type dopants. Our findings suggest that the co-substitution approach can be used to activate stable materials, with no intrinsic oxygen evolution activity, to design new catalysts for acid water electrolysis.
Permanent Link: https://hdl.handle.net/11104/0336555