Cosmological redshift and cosmic time dilation in the FLRW metric

0557512 - GFÚ 2023 RIV CH eng J - Journal Article
Vavryčuk, Václav
Cosmological redshift and cosmic time dilation in the FLRW metric.
Frontiers in Physics. Roč. 82, May (2022), č. článku 826188. ISSN 2296-424X. E-ISSN 2296-424X
Institutional support: RVO:67985530
Keywords : expansion of the Universe * dark energy * cosmic time dilation * Type Ia supernovae * early Universe
OECD category: Astronomy (including astrophysics,space science)
Impact factor: 3.1, year: 2022
Method of publishing: Open access
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2022.826188/full?utm_source=dlvr.it&utm_medium=twitter

The paper shows that the commonly used Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) metric describing the expanding Universe must be modified to properly predict the cosmological redshift. It is proved that the change in the frequency of redshifted photons is always connected with time dilation, similarly as for the gravitational redshift. Therefore, the cosmic time runs differently at high redshifts than at present. Consequently, the cosmological time must be identified with the conformal time and the standard FLRW metric must be substituted by its conformal version. The correctness of the proposed conformal metric is convincingly confirmed by Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) observations. The standard FLRW metric produces essential discrepancy with the SNe Ia observations called the ‘supernova dimming’, and consequently dark energy has to be introduced to comply theoretical predictions with data. By contrast, the conformal FLRW metric fits data well with no need to introduce any new free parameter. Hence, the discovery of the supernova dimming actually revealed a failure of the FLRW metric and introducing dark energy was just an unsuccessful attempt to cope with the problem within this false metric. Obviously, adopting the conformal FLRW metric for describing the evolution of the Universe has many fundamental cosmological consequences.
Permanent Link: http://hdl.handle.net/11104/0331477