Considering light–matter interactions in the Friedmann equations

0557438 - GFÚ 2023 RIV GB eng J - Journal Article
Vavryčuk, Václav
Considering light–matter interactions in the Friedmann equations.
Proceedings of the Royal Society A-Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences. Roč. 478, č. 2261 (2022), č. článku 20220045. ISSN 1364-5021. E-ISSN 1471-2946
Institutional support: RVO:67985530
Keywords : early Universe * cosmic background radiation * dust * extinction * universe opacity * dark energy
OECD category: Astronomy (including astrophysics,space science)
Impact factor: 3.5, year: 2022
Method of publishing: Open access
https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/epdf/10.1098/rspa.2022.0045

Recent observations indicate that the Universe is not transparent but partially opaque due to absorption of light by ambient cosmic dust. This implies that the Friedmann equations valid for the transparent universe must be modified for the opaque universe. This paper studies a scenario in which the opacity rises with redshift. In this case, the light-matter interactions become important, because cosmic opacity produces radiation pressure that counterbalances gravitational forces. The presented theoretical model assumes the Universe is expanding according to the standard FLRW metric but with the scale factor a(t) depending on both types of forces: gravity as well as radiation pressure. The modified Friedmann equations predict a cyclic expansion/contraction evolution of the Universe within a limited range of scale factors with no initial singularity. The model avoids dark energy and removes some other tensions of the standard cosmological model. The paper demonstrates that considering light-matter interactions in cosmic dynamics is crucial and can lead to new cosmological models essentially different from the standard lambda CDM model. This emphasizes the necessity of new observations and studies of cosmic opacity and cosmic dust at high redshifts for more realistic modelling of the evolution of the Universe.
Permanent Link: http://hdl.handle.net/11104/0331442