Vegan Diet Is Associated With Favorable Effects on the Metabolic Performance of Intestinal Microbiota: A Cross-Sectional Multi-Omics Study

0554674 - MBÚ 2023 RIV CH eng J - Journal Article
Procházková, M. - Budínská, E. - Kuzma, Marek - Pelantová, Helena - Hradecký, J. - Heczková, M. - Dasková, N. - Bratová, M. - Modos, I. - Vídeňská, P. - Šplíchalová, P. - Sowah, S. - Králová, M. - Héniková, S. - Selinger, E. - Klíma, Kryštof - Chalupský, Karel - Sedláček, Radislav - Landberg, R. - Kuehn, T. - Gojda, J. - Cahová, M.
Vegan Diet Is Associated With Favorable Effects on the Metabolic Performance of Intestinal Microbiota: A Cross-Sectional Multi-Omics Study.
Frontiers in Nutrition. Roč. 8, JAN 7 2022 (2022), č. článku 783302. ISSN 2296-861X. E-ISSN 2296-861X
R&D Projects: GA MŠMT(CZ) LM2018126; GA MZd(CZ) NV18-01-00040
Research Infrastructure: CCP II - 90126
Institutional support: RVO:61388971 ; RVO:68378050
Keywords : gut microbiota * hunter-gatherers * vegetarians * acids * prevention * disease * cancer * health * vegan diet * omics signature * protein fermentation * short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) * metabolic health
OECD category: Endocrinology and metabolism (including diabetes, hormones)
Impact factor: 5, year: 2022
Method of publishing: Open access
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2021.783302/full

Background and Aim: Plant-based diets are associated with potential health benefits, but the contribution of gut microbiota remains to be clarified. We aimed to identify differences in key features of microbiome composition and function with relevance to metabolic health in individuals adhering to a vegan vs. omnivore diet.Methods: This cross-sectional study involved lean, healthy vegans (n = 62) and omnivore (n = 33) subjects. We assessed their glucose and lipid metabolism and employed an integrated multi-omics approach (16S rRNA sequencing, metabolomics profiling) to compare dietary intake, metabolic health, gut microbiome, and fecal, serum, and urine metabolomes.Results: The vegans had more favorable glucose and lipid homeostasis profiles than the omnivores. Long-term reported adherence to a vegan diet affected only 14.8% of all detected bacterial genera in fecal microbiome. However, significant differences in vegan and omnivore metabolomes were observed. In feces, 43.3% of all identified metabolites were significantly different between the vegans and omnivores, such as amino acid fermentation products p-cresol, scatole, indole, methional (lower in the vegans), and polysaccharide fermentation product short- and medium-chain fatty acids (SCFAs, MCFAs), and their derivatives (higher in the vegans). Vegan serum metabolome differed markedly from the omnivores (55.8% of all metabolites), especially in amino acid composition, such as low BCAAs, high SCFAs (formic-, acetic-, propionic-, butyric acids), and dimethylsulfone, the latter two being potential host microbiome co-metabolites. Using a machine-learning approach, we tested the discriminative power of each dataset. Best results were obtained for serum metabolome (accuracy rate 91.6%).Conclusion: While only small differences in the gut microbiota were found between the groups, their metabolic activity differed substantially.
Permanent Link: http://hdl.handle.net/11104/0331984