Akanʹe / Jakanʹe

0554092 - SLÚ 2022 NL eng E - Electronic Document
Jankowiak, Mirosław
Akanʹe / Jakanʹe.
Leiden: BRILL, 2020. Encyclopedia of Slavic Languages and Linguistics Online by BRILL. Leiden: BRILL - (Marc L., G.)
Institutional support: RVO:68378017
Keywords : Phonetics * vocalism * akanʹe * jakanʹe * Russian language * Russia and dialects * Belarusian language * Belarusian dialects
OECD category: Specific languages
https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/browse/encyclopedia-of-slavic-languages-and-linguistics-online

The article describes the phonetic process known as akanʹe, which consists in the lack of differentiation between the unstressed [a], [ɛ], and [ɔ] (i.e., pronouncing them as [a]), e.g., Br balota (balˈɔta, etymologically bolˈoto) ‘swamp’, malako (malakˈɔ, etymologically molokˈo) ‘milk’, haktar (γaktˈar, etymologically gektˈar) ‘hectare’. This feature is characteristic of the Belarusian literary language (reflected in both pronunciation and orthography) and some of its dialects, the Russian literary language (reflected in pronunciation only) and some of its dialects, and the Northern Kresy Polish. A similar phonetic phenomenon also takes place in some Baltic subdialects, select Slovenian subdialects, and the Molise Slavic language. Broadly speaking, akanʹe refers to the lack of differentiation between the unstressed vowels [a], [ɛ], [ɔ] after both nonpalatalized and palatalized consonants – thus, it encompasses the terms akanʹe and jakanʹe. At the same time, these terms are in opposition to the term okanʹe, that is, the preservation of all instances of etymological [o] in the word in pronunciation. Narrowly speaking, akanʹe needs to be understood as a lack of differentiation between the unstressed vowels [a], [ɛ], [ɔ] when positioned after only nonpalatalized consonants – thus, in this view, akanʹe is in opposition to the term jakanʹe. In turn, jakanʹe is the lack of differentiation between the etymological [ɛ] (the old jat, marked here as [ě]) and [`a] after palatalized consonants in the first syllable before the stress, e.g., Br zjamlja (zjamʎjˈa, etymologically zemlja). It occurs in the Belarusian literary language (reflected in both writing and pronunciation) and Belarusian and Russian subdialects. Numerous subtypes of akanʹe and jakanʹe are distinguished.

The article describes the phonetic process known as akanʹe, which consists in the lack of differentiation between the unstressed [a], [ɛ], and [ɔ] (i.e., pronouncing them as [a]), e.g., Br balota (balˈɔta, etymologically bolˈoto) ‘swamp’, malako (malakˈɔ, etymologically molokˈo) ‘milk’, haktar (γaktˈar, etymologically gektˈar) ‘hectare’. This feature is characteristic of the Belarusian literary language (reflected in both pronunciation and orthography) and some of its dialects, the Russian literary language (reflected in pronunciation only) and some of its dialects, and the Northern Kresy Polish. A similar phonetic phenomenon also takes place in some Baltic subdialects, select Slovenian subdialects, and the Molise Slavic language. Broadly speaking, akanʹe refers to the lack of differentiation between the unstressed vowels [a], [ɛ], [ɔ] after both nonpalatalized and palatalized consonants – thus, it encompasses the terms akanʹe and jakanʹe. At the same time, these terms are in opposition to the term okanʹe, that is, the preservation of all instances of etymological [o] in the word in pronunciation. Narrowly speaking, akanʹe needs to be understood as a lack of differentiation between the unstressed vowels [a], [ɛ], [ɔ] when positioned after only nonpalatalized consonants – thus, in this view, akanʹe is in opposition to the term jakanʹe. In turn, jakanʹe is the lack of differentiation between the etymological [ɛ] (the old jat, marked here as [ě]) and [`a] after palatalized consonants in the first syllable before the stress, e.g., Br zjamlja (zjamʎjˈa, etymologically zemlja). It occurs in the Belarusian literary language (reflected in both writing and pronunciation) and Belarusian and Russian subdialects. Numerous subtypes of akanʹe and jakanʹe are distinguished.

Permanent Link: http://hdl.handle.net/11104/0328779