Fatty Acid Biosynthesis in Chromerids

0540627 - BC 2021 RIV CH eng J - Journal Article
Tomčala, Aleš - Michálek, Jan - Schneedorferová, Ivana - Füssy, Zoltán - Gruber, Ansgar - Vancová, Marie - Oborník, Miroslav
Fatty Acid Biosynthesis in Chromerids.
Biomolecules. Roč. 10, č. 8 (2020), č. článku 1102. E-ISSN 2218-273X
R&D Projects: GA ČR(CZ) GA18-13458S; GA MŠMT(CZ) LM2015062; GA MŠMT(CZ) EF16_019/0000759
Institutional support: RVO:60077344
Keywords : phaeodactylum-tricornutum * photosynthetic alveolate * protozoan parasites * nitrogen-limitation * signal peptides * enoyl-reductase * plastid genome * life-cycle * velia * apicomplexa * Chromera velia * Vitrella brassicaformis * fatty acids * de novo biosynthesis * evolution * elongation * desaturation
OECD category: Biology (theoretical, mathematical, thermal, cryobiology, biological rhythm), Evolutionary biology
Impact factor: 4.879, year: 2020
Method of publishing: Open access
https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/10/8/1102

Fatty acids are essential components of biological membranes, important for the maintenance of cellular structures, especially in organisms with complex life cycles like protozoan parasites. Apicomplexans are obligate parasites responsible for various deadly diseases of humans and livestock. We analyzed the fatty acids produced by the closest phototrophic relatives of parasitic apicomplexans, the chromeridsChromera veliaandVitrella brassicaformis, and investigated the genes coding for enzymes involved in fatty acids biosynthesis in chromerids, in comparison to their parasitic relatives. Based on evidence from genomic and metabolomic data, we propose a model of fatty acid synthesis in chromerids: the plastid-localized FAS-II pathway is responsible for the de novo synthesis of fatty acids reaching the maximum length of 18 carbon units. Short saturated fatty acids (C14:0-C18:0) originate from the plastid are then elongated and desaturated in the cytosol and the endoplasmic reticulum. We identified giant FAS I-like multi-modular enzymes in both chromerids, which seem to be involved in polyketide synthesis and fatty acid elongation. This full-scale description of the biosynthesis of fatty acids and their derivatives provides important insights into the reductive evolutionary transition of a phototropic algal ancestor to obligate parasites.
Permanent Link: http://hdl.handle.net/11104/0318248