Gut Microbiome Changes in Patients with Active Left-Sided Ulcerative Colitis after Fecal Microbiome Transplantation and Topical 5-aminosalicylic Acid Therapy

0536395 - ÚŽFG 2021 RIV CH eng J - Journal Article
Schierová, Dagmar - Březina, J. - Mrázek, Jakub - Olša Fliegerová, Kateřina - Kvasnová, Simona - Bajer, L. - Drastich, P.
Gut Microbiome Changes in Patients with Active Left-Sided Ulcerative Colitis after Fecal Microbiome Transplantation and Topical 5-aminosalicylic Acid Therapy.
Cells. Roč. 9, č. 10 (2020), č. článku 2283. E-ISSN 2073-4409
R&D Projects: GA MZd(CZ) NV16-27449A
Institutional support: RVO:67985904
Keywords : ulcerative colitis * microbiome * fecal microbiome transplantation * 5-ASA
OECD category: Microbiology
Impact factor: 6.600, year: 2020
Method of publishing: Open access
https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/9/10/2283

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory bowel disease, and intestinal bacteria are implicated in the pathogenesis of this disorder. The administration of aminosalicylates (5-ASA) is a conventional treatment that targets the mucosa, while fecal microbial transplantation (FMT) is a novel treatment that directly targets the gut microbiota. The aim of this study was to identify changes in fecal bacterial composition after both types of treatments and evaluate clinical responses. Sixteen patients with active left-sided UC underwent enema treatment using 5-ASA (n = 8) or FMT (n = 8) with a stool from a single donor. Fecal microbiota were analyzed by 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing, and clinical indices were used to assess the efficacy of treatments. 5-ASA therapy resulted in clinical remission in 50% (4/8) of patients, but no correlation with changes in fecal bacteria was observed. In FMT, remission was achieved in 37.5% (3/8) of patients and was associated with a significantly increased relative abundance of the families Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcaceae, and Clostridiaceae of the phylum Firmicutes, and Bifidobacteriaceae and Coriobacteriaceae of the phylum Actinobacteria. At the genus level, Faecalibacterium, Blautia, Coriobacteria, Collinsela, Slackia, and Bifidobacterium were significantly more frequent in patients who reached clinical remission. However, the increased abundance of beneficial taxa was not a sufficient factor to achieve clinical improvement in all UC patients. Nevertheless, our preliminary results indicate that FMT as non-drug-using method is thought to be a promising treatment for UC patients.
Permanent Link: http://hdl.handle.net/11104/0314164