Nitrile metabolism in fungi: A review of its key enzymes nitrilases with focus on their biotechnological impact

0504546 - MBÚ 2020 RIV GB eng J - Journal Article
Martínková, Ludmila
Nitrile metabolism in fungi: A review of its key enzymes nitrilases with focus on their biotechnological impact.
FUNGAL BIOLOGY REVIEWS. Roč. 33, č. 2 (2019), s. 149-157. ISSN 1749-4613. E-ISSN 1878-0253
R&D Projects: GA MŠMT(CZ) LD15107; GA ČR(CZ) GA18-00184S
Institutional support: RVO:61388971
Keywords : Biotransformation * Fungi * Heterologous production
OECD category: Mycology
Impact factor: 4.806, year: 2019
Method of publishing: Limited access
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1749461318300149?via%3Dihub

Nitriles are abundant in the plant kingdom. The ability to detoxify them is beneficial for microbes living in the plant environment. Nitrilases (NLases, EC 3.5.5.-), which hydrolyze nitriles to carboxylic acids, have been well characterized in bacteria, and classified into various substrate-specificity subtypes (aromatic NLases, aliphatic NLases, arylacetoNLases). NLases also occur in filamentous fungi, mainly in Ascomycota (subdivision Pezizomycotina), as documented by genome mining. However, the investigation of NLases in fungi has been delayed compared to bacteria. Only a few NLases (aromatic NLases) were purified from native fungal strains (mainly Fusarium), which were grown under suitable induction conditions. Over a few past years, the spectrum of known fungal NLases was broadened by expressing fungal NLase genes in Escherichia coli. Thus functional NLases were reported for the first time in fungi of genera Auricularia, Macrophomina, Nectria, Neurospora, Pichia, Ta-laromyces, Trichoderma and Trichophyton. Two major substrate-specificity subtypes were identified in them, i.e. aromatic NLases and arylacetoNLases, apart from a few NLases with broad substrate specificities. The biotechnological impact of fungal arylacetoNLases was explored with a focus on the enantioselective hydrolysis of (R,S)-mandelonitrile, the selective hydrolysis of one cyano group in dinitriles and the hydrolysis of nitrile precursors of the taxol sidechain. Despite recent advances, the wealth of fungal NLases whose sequences have been deposited in databases has not yet been fully exploited. Overproduction in E. coli has the potential to bring these NLases to life. This will enable to estimate the natural roles of NLases in fungi and will also provide new catalysts for biotechnological uses. (C) 2018 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of British Mycological Society.
Permanent Link: http://hdl.handle.net/11104/0296151