Advances in Comparative Immunology

0495179 - MBÚ 2019 RIV US eng M - Monography Chapter
Bilej, Martin - Procházková, Petra - Roubalová, Radka - Škanta, František - Dvořák, Jiří
Annelida: Recognition of Nonself in Earthworms.
Advances in Comparative Immunology. New York: Springer International Publishing, 2018 - (Cooper, E.), s. 161-172. ISBN 978-3-319-76767-3
Institutional support: RVO:61388971
Keywords : Annelids * Coelomic fluid * Earthworms * Eisenia andrei
OECD category: Immunology

Anotace v anglickém jazyce
The ability to recognize self and nonself exists in all animal species. Unicellular
animals, such as protozoans that often engulf living microorganisms, must discriminate between nutrition proteins and their own cell structures. The mechanism of discriminationat this level remains unknown, but one can assume that the specificity is based on the substrate specificity of proteolytic enzymes. Together with the evolution of multicellular organisms, the necessity to recognize self and nonself emerged to prevent the undesirable intrusion of pathogenic microorganisms or cells originating from another multicellular organism that could cause serious damage to the host.
Besides a histocompatibility polymorphism enabling the rejection of xenografts by means of cytotoxic reactions evidenced already in the evolution of sea sponges, the innate immune system evolved several strategies of discrimination between self and nonself, leading to an immune response. The response is triggered upon pathogen recognition by a set of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). These receptors recognize conserved molecular patterns shared by large groups of microorganisms. Recognition of these patterns allows the innate immune system not only to detect the presence of an infectious microbe but also to determine the type of the infecting pathogen. PRRs then activate conserved host defense signaling pathways that control the expression of a variety of immune response genes.


Permanent Link: http://hdl.handle.net/11104/0288196