Periodic quantum graphs from the Bethe-Sommerfeld perspective

0486254 - ÚJF 2018 RIV GB eng J - Journal Article
Exner, Pavel - Turek, Ondřej
Periodic quantum graphs from the Bethe-Sommerfeld perspective.
Journal of Physics A-Mathematical and Theoretical. Roč. 50, č. 45 (2017), č. článku 455201. ISSN 1751-8113. E-ISSN 1751-8121
R&D Projects: GA ČR GA17-01706S
Institutional support: RVO:61389005
Keywords : quantum graphs * Bethe-Sommerfeld conjecture * vertex coupling * Diophantine approximation * periodic structure
OECD category: Atomic, molecular and chemical physics (physics of atoms and molecules including collision, interaction with radiation, magnetic resonances, Mössbauer effect)
Impact factor: 1.963, year: 2017

The paper is concerned with the number of open gaps in spectra of periodic quantum graphs. The well-known conjecture by Bethe and Sommerfeld (1933) says that the number of open spectral gaps for a system periodic in more than one direction is finite. To date, its validity is established for numerous systems, however, it is known that quantum graphs do not comply with this law as their spectra have typically infinitely many gaps, or no gaps at all. These facts gave rise to the question about the existence of quantum graphs with the 'Bethe-Sommerfeld property', that is, featuring a nonzero finite number of gaps in the spectrum. In this paper we prove that the said property is impossible for graphs with vertex couplings which are either scale-invariant or associated to scale-invariant ones in a particular way. On the other hand, we demonstrate that quantum graphs with a finite number of open gaps do indeed exist. We illustrate this phenomenon on an example of a rectangular lattice with a delta coupling at the vertices and a suitable irrational ratio of the edges. Our result allows one to find explicitly a quantum graph with any prescribed exact number of gaps, which is the first such example to date.
Permanent Link: http://hdl.handle.net/11104/0281133